Sedimentation.
The term for soil that settles in water is sediment. Sediment is the material that is carried and deposited by water, wind, or glaciers.
The term is sediment. Sediment is made up of small pieces of rock, mineral, and organic material that have been broken down by weathering and erosion processes.
Wind blown sediment is known as 'Aeolian.'
erosion
An annually deposited sedimentary layer is called a varve. Originally the word referred only to those annual layers of sediment deposited in a lake by glaciers, but now the more general use is accepted. Another term used in the literature is "annually laminated."
The general term of culture is culture.
The collective term for the processes of compaction and cementation is lithification. These processes are responsible for turning loose sediment into sedimentary rock through the application of pressure and the binding of sediment grains.
Wave erosion is the correct term for when wave energy lowers and drops beach sediment. This process involves the wearing away of coastal areas by the force of the waves, leading to the erosion of the shoreline and deposition of sediment in other areas.
We use the term deposition to describe the process by which sediment is laid down in a body of water. The sediment is said to have been deposited at the bottom of the body of water, and more may follow to build a layer of sediment.
The correct term is "filtration" (removing solids or sediment).
Stratification
deposition(at least that's the science term) ;)