gulfstream
Conveyor Belt Cycling describes the movement of the ocean water between surface and deep water.
Ocean currents
Ocean convection currents move the deep cold water to the surface of oceans.
An upwelling is a current in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface.
Deep current is a movement of the ocean water. The ocean waters current is continuous.
Cold ocean currents sink under warm ocean currents to form deep ocean currents.
The movement of deep cold and nutrient-rich water to the surface is known as upwelling. Upwelling occurs when winds push surface water away from a coastline, causing the deep colder water to rise and replace it. This process brings up essential nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface, supporting the growth of phytoplankton and other marine life.
Temperature differences in water
The movement of deep water in the ocean basins is by density driven forces and gravity.
Deep currents
During upwelling, cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean rises to the surface, often along coastlines. This process typically brings the cold water upward, rather than moving it outward to sea. The upwelled water can then spread horizontally along the surface, supporting marine life, but its primary movement is vertical, from the depths to the surface.
deep, cold water to the ocean surface