Wave.
The Southern Oscillation refers to a climate phenomenon involving the exchange of air pressure and circulation patterns between the Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere over Australia and Indonesia. It is often associated with the El Niño-La Niña cycle.
ocean
ocean
A Sea.
On a long term an equilibrium exist.
The term "ocean" can be used to describe all five bodies of water: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean.
Delta
The term you are referring to is "thermocline." It is the layer of water in the ocean where there is a rapid change in temperature with depth, serving as a barrier between warmer surface water and colder deep water.
If a circuit is unstable and oscillates then the term free oscillation can be applied.
Hm, well a charged particle is generally called an ion, but water isn't considered a charged particle. It is the universal solvent in which ionic compounds can be dissolved to produce an ionic solution, however.
Ocean going vessels; ships; sea vessels. The term boat is usually associated with rivers and fresh water (lakes, ponds, or bays (which are normally sea water); the term ship is normally associated with the sea.
The term you are looking for is "particle." A particle is a high-speed bundle of energy that can exhibit both particle and wave-like properties.