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The abundance of life near the surface of a lake is primarily supported by the process of photosynthesis. In shallow areas, sunlight penetrates the water, allowing aquatic plants and phytoplankton to thrive. These organisms convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients into energy, producing oxygen as a byproduct, which supports a diverse range of aquatic life. Additionally, nutrient cycling in the upper layers of the water contributes to this rich ecosystem.

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