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The key river-port was Vicksburg. If that one could be captured, the rest of the river would automatically fall into Union hands.

Grant wanted to approach Vicksburg from the East, because the Western side of the town was a high cliff that would be impossible to capture.

But Lincoln had been made an offer by a fellow-Northwestern politician, John McClernand, that he would be able to raise a private army, and bring it down the West bank of the river.

Grant had to work with McClernand, and sure enough, when they reached Vicksburg, they were not able to storm the cliffs.

Grant tried several ways round, and none of them worked. Then he made one of the most brilliant tactical decisions of the war. He would take his men downstream, in order to cross over to the East bank, and then attack the town from there. Meanwhile he would order a cavalry raid down through the whole state of Mississippi, to distract the attention of the garrison commander (Pemberton). It worked brilliantly, and the port fell to the Union on July 4th.

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