cookies and cream
In areas where surface currents carry water away, upwelling occurs as deeper, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface to replace the displaced surface water. This upwelled water is typically rich in nutrients like nitrates and phosphates, which support phytoplankton growth, forming the base of the marine food web. As a result, upwelling zones are often highly productive and support diverse marine ecosystems.
Upwelling is caused by currents on the surface. When water moves from the bottom of the ocean towards the surface it is called upwelling. Downwelling is when more dense water sinks. This process moves nutrients back to the deep part of the ocean.
Streamlike movements of water that occur at or near the surface are called surface currents. So logically, a deep current are streamlike movements of water that flow very slowly along the ocean floor.
upwelling Denser water from the deep ocean can come up to the surface in an upwelling Generally, an upwelling occurs along the coast when wind blows water strongly away from the shore. As the surface water is blown away from the shore, colder water from below comes up to take its place.
unequal heating
Upwelling occurs when deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface, typically due to wind patterns and the Earth's rotation. Coastal upwelling is often driven by winds blowing parallel to the coastline, which push surface water away and allow deeper water to rise to replace it. This process is essential for marine ecosystems as it brings nutrients to the surface, supporting phytoplankton growth and enhancing productivity in oceanic regions. Additionally, upwelling can be influenced by ocean currents and topographical features of the seafloor.
Surface currents
When cool nutrient rich water is driven to the surface by wind, replacing warmer and nutrient depleted water, this is known as upwelling. This stimulates the synthesis of organic compounds and helps fishing productivity.
An upwelling occurs when winds push surface water away from the coast, causing cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths to rise to the surface. This process brings essential nutrients to the surface, supporting the growth of phytoplankton and ultimately enhancing marine productivity.
My best guess is that they occur because of warming and cooling of the surface temperature. I am sure there is a pattern of these deep ocean currents to and from the equator and the poles.
currents
Surface currents occur due to the combination of wind patterns, the Earth's rotation, and the shape of the ocean basins. Wind pushes water at the surface, creating currents that can move vast amounts of water around the globe.