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grass
Asphalt would heat up the most rapidly among water, grass, asphalt, and cement. Asphalt has a lower specific heat capacity compared to water, grass, and cement, meaning it requires less energy to raise its temperature. Additionally, asphalt is a dark material that absorbs more sunlight, which accelerates its heating process.
If you try to find the density of an object with a density less than water, the object will float in water. This indicates that the object is less dense than water. To find the density of such an object, you would divide the mass of the object by its volume.
You would most likely be measuring the volume of the object. By immersing the object in water and measuring the water displacement, you can determine the volume of the object based on how much the water level rises.
If you are positive that it is asphalt I would not suggest adhering tile directly to the asphalt. If removal of asphalt is not an option I would install a subfloor and use thinset mortar to adhere the tile. Another option (probably the better option) would be to pour a concrete mix over the asphalt. Than use thinset to install the tile. The concrete will incapsolate the asphalt. Asphalt more than likely has oils in it and can be a hazard.
An object that is equivalent to the density of water is an object that has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter. This means that the object will have the same mass per unit volume as water. Therefore, if you were to place this object in water, it would neither sink nor float, but would stay suspended in the water.
Adding warm water will expand yeast cells rapidly
how would a temperature reading be different if the thermometer were over unshaded asphalt
It would sink because the object is more dense than the water.
An object with low thermal mass and high thermal conductivity would heat up most rapidly. This is because it requires less energy to raise the temperature due to its low mass, and the high conductivity allows for efficient transfer of heat throughout the material.
It would not be good for finding the volume of an object that is less dense than water. Such an object would float and therefore would not displace its full volume worth of water.
To find the volume of an irregularly shaped object that would dissolve in water, you can use the water displacement method. Fill a known volume of water in a container, note the initial water level, then submerge the object in the water and measure the new water level. The difference in water levels is the volume of the object.