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Because, before the aswan dam, there used to be massive seasonal fluctuations in the river depth on a seasonal basis due to ice melting at its source in seasonal hot weather, and this caused the river to rise, so that when it eventualy fell again, there was a rich fertile silt left which was perfect to grow crops on, therefore they had a large crop turnover which meant they didn't have to work hard to get a surplus, which meant they had lots of time to build and engineer the masive temples and structures that are still around today.

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