The distance to the horizon from an airplane at 9,800 meters (about 32,000 feet) can be calculated using the formula (d \approx \sqrt{h} \times 3.57), where (d) is the distance in kilometers and (h) is the height in meters. Plugging in 9,800 meters, the horizon is approximately 195 kilometers away. This means that from this altitude, a person can see roughly 195 kilometers to the horizon, depending on visibility conditions.
Depends on how sunny it is that day
You can see the horizon from any altitude on a plane. The horizon is the line where the sky meets the earth or sea, and it appears at eye level regardless of how high up you are.
6.23 miles
the horizon
The distance to the horizon from the shore depends on the height of the observer's eyes above sea level. On average, a person standing at sea level on the shore can see approximately 3 miles to the horizon. If the observer is standing at a higher elevation, such as on a cliff or in a tall building, they can see farther.
It seems like 1,000,000,000,000,000 meters away
Our eyes can only see as far as the horizon, due to the curvature of the Earth. For instance, an observer standing on a hill 100 feet (30 m) in height, their horizon is at a distance of 12.2 miles (19.6 km). Obviously, without the restriction of a horizon, we can look out far into space on a dark night and see our moon and many stars and planets with the naked eye - even better with a telescope.
What, exactly, did you see? - You can basically see anything for which you have line-of-sight, that is, if a straight line between the object and you doesn't go below the horizon. I think the questioner may be mixing up the "celestial equator" and the Earth's equator. The celestial equator is the "projection" of the Earth's equator onto the sky. It a great distance away, effectively at infinity. Let's consider the difference between the two equators. Normally, you can see only a few miles to the horizon, depending on your height above your surroundings. Obviously you can't see the Earth's equator from the North Pole. Things above ground such as airplane tracks can be seen when they are further away than the horizon, but still your visibility is limited by the Earth's surface. However, from the North Pole, you can see as far south in the sky as the celestial equator. So, you could just about see a star in that part of the sky. The stars are light years away, of course. Imagine you are near a distant star on the celestial equator. In theory, at that distance, you could see one full hemisphere of the Earth from pole to pole. So, someone at the Earth's North Pole could see that star. To sum up: it's because the stars are so far away that you can see a star on the celestial equator from the North Pole.
That depends on the angle of elevation
Yes. The hilltop is your horizon line. As you approach the top of the hill, the distance between you and your horizon becomes inches, and you cannot see down the other side until you reach the top.
The "horizon" is the furthest you can see. "On the horizon" therfore refers to an object which is just in sight.
In the northern hemisphere it is above the horizon or we wouldn't see it.