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An address decoder in a microcomputer system is responsible for translating the addresses generated by the CPU into specific signals that activate the appropriate memory or I/O devices. It ensures that the correct component responds to a given address, allowing for organized and efficient data access. By determining which device or memory location corresponds to an address, the decoder prevents conflicts and ensures that multiple devices can coexist within the same address space without interference. This functionality is crucial for the overall operation and performance of the system.

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