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mucoploysaccharide is a polysaccharide composed of different types of sugars or their derivatives namely amino sugars and uronic acids.
these are more commonly known as glycosaminoglycans.
these are essential components of tissue structure.
some important are hyaluronic acid, chondritin 4-sulphate, heparin, dermatan sulphate and keratan sulphate.
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What does mucopolysaccharide mean?
A Mucopolysaccharide is a gel-like carbohydrate substance that can be found in the bodys cells as well as mucuos secretions and synovial fluids. They act as an anti-inflammatory and can support bones, joints and cartilage.
What is the pathogenesis of cystic medial necrosis?
Cystic medial necrosis has no known cause. It is diagnoses by thickening of the muscle fibers in the aorta accompanied by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharide.
What is mesoglycan?
Mesoglycan is a mucopolysaccharide complex that is extracted from calf aorta or synthetically created and taken in pill or capsule form as a dietary supplement. Mucopolysaccharides are long molecular chains of sugar.
Which cells secrete heparin?
Heparin is a mucopolysaccharide, used as an anticoagulant. In neutrophiles and mast cells, heparin molecules are stored as secretory granules and released to to vasculature at the site of injury. Heparini is used to prevent and treat the blood clotting in the veins, arteries or lung.
What does parathyroid hormone convert?
parathyroid harmone;secreated by parathyroid glands.these are present on thyriod gland.and these are four in number.placed 2 in one part of thyroid gland and 2 in another part of thyroid gland.its secreations;secreats paratharmone.antoginstic to;it is acts antagonistic to calcitonin secreated by parafollicular cells or 'c' shaped cells present in thyroid gland.its functions;its main role is to regulate calcium levels in blood.it helps in decresing calcium levels in blood.while calcitonin helps in maitained ionised calcium levels in blood.it mainly acts on bones,smallintestine and renal tubules present in kidneys.action on bones;it causes bone reabsorption or demineralisation of bone.that means it absorbs calcium from bones .it acts on bones through osteoclasts.while absorbing calcium from bones there will be loss of mucopolysaccharide from bone matrix.action on smallintestine;it stimulates absorption of calcium in smallintestine.but ca and P occurs only in presence of vit-D presence.in deficiency of this vitamin ricketsoccurs.it ledas to osteoporosis.action on renaltubules;stimulates reabsorption of Ca from glomerular filterate.excreation;this harmone also helps in excreating in Ca and P in urine.disorders;hyposecreation;causes low Ca levels in blood as a result muscular weakness occurs ,tetany also occurs.hypersecreation;this causes decalcification of bones,and calcium starts get depositing in form of caliculi,in kidneys,pancreas.calcification also occurs in soft tissues even in pericardium.bones becomes weak due to excess demineralisation.
Umbilical hernia?
DefinitionAn umbilical hernia is an outward bulging (protrusion) of the abdominal lining or part of the abdominal organ(s) through the area around the belly button.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsAn umbilical hernia in an infant occurs when the muscle through which blood vessels pass to feed the developing fetus doesn't close completely.Umbilical hernias are common in infants. They occur slightly more often in African Americans. Most umbilical hernias are not related to disease. However, umbilical hernias can be associated with rare conditions such as mucopolysaccharide storage diseases, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Down syndrome.SymptomsA hernia can vary in width from less than 1 centimeter to more than 5 centimeters.There is a soft swelling over the belly button that often bulges when the baby sits up, cries, or strains. The bulge may be flat when the infant lies on the back and is quiet.Signs and testsThe doctor can find the hernia during a physical exam.TreatmentUsually, no treatment is needed unless the hernia continues past age 3 or 4. In very rare cases, bowel or other tissue can bulge out and lose its blood supply (become strangulated). This is an emergency needing surgery.Expectations (prognosis)Most umbilical hernias get better without treatment by the time the child is 3 - 4 years old. Those that do not close may need surgery. Umbilical hernias are usually painless.ComplicationsStrangulation of bowel tissue is rare but serious, and needs immediate surgery.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider, or go to the emergency room if the infant is very fussy or seems to have bad abdominal pain, or if the hernia becomes tender, swollen, or discolored.PreventionThere is no known way to prevent an umbilical hernia. Taping or "strapping" an umbilical hernia will not make it go away.
Sanfilippo syndrome?
DefinitionSanfilippo syndrome is an inherited disease of metabolism that makes the body unable to properly break down long chains of sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (formerly called mucopolysaccharides).The syndrome belongs to a group of diseases called mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Specifically, it is known as MPS III.See also:MPS I H (Hurler syndrome)MPS II, Hunter syndromeMPS IV (Morquio syndrome)MPS I S (Scheie syndrome)Alternative NamesMPS IIICauses, incidence, and risk factorsSanfilippo syndrome occurs when the substances (enzymes) needed to break down the heparan sulfate sugar chain are missing or are defective.There are four main types of Sanfilippo syndrome, also called MPS III. Which type a person has depends on which enzyme is affected.Sanfilippo type A is the most severe form. Persons with this type are missing or have an altered form of an enzyme called heparan N-sulfatase.Sanfilippo type B occurs when a person is missing or doesn't not produce enough alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase.Sanfilippo C occurs when a person is missing or doesn't not produce enough acetyl-CoAlpha-glucosaminide acetyltransferase.Sanfilippo D occurs when a person is missing or doesn't not produce enough N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfatase.The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. That means both your parents must pass you the defective gene in order for you to get this disease.Sanfilippo syndrome is possibly the most common forms of MPS. It is seen in about 1 in 70,000 births. A family history of Sanfilippo syndrome increases one's risk for this condition.SymptomsUnlike other forms of MPS, symptoms appear after the first year of life. A decline in learning ability typically occurs between ages 2 and 6. The child may have normal growth during the first few years, but final height is below average. Delayed development is followed by deteriorating mental status.Other symptoms include:Behavioral problemsCoarse facial featuresDiarrheaFull lipsHeavy eyebrows that meet in the middle of the face above the noseSleep difficultiesStiff joints that may not extend fullyWalking problemsSigns and testsA physical exam may show signs of liver and spleen swelling. An eye exam will show clear corneas, unlike the cloudy corneas seen in persons with Hurler syndrome (MPS I H). Neurological testing will reveal signs of seizures and mental retardation.Urine tests will be done. Persons with Sanfilippo syndrome have large amounts of a mucopolysaccharide called heparan sulfate in the urine.Other tests may include:Blood cultureEchocardiogramSlit lamp eye examSkin fibroblast cultureX-rays of the bonesTreatmentThere is no specific treatment available for Sanfilippo syndrome.Support GroupsAdditional information and resources are available from the National MPS Society.Expectations (prognosis)The syndrome causes significant neurological symptoms, including severe retardation. IQs may be below 50. Most persons with Sanfilippo syndrome live into their teenage years. Some patients live longer, while others with severe forms die at an earlier age. Symptoms appear most severe in persons with type A Sanfilippo syndrome.ComplicationsBlindnessInability to care for selfMental retardationNerve damage that slowly gets worse and eventually requires wheelchair useSeizuresCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if your child does not seem to be growing or developing normally.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you plan to have children and you have a family history of Sanfilippo syndrome.PreventionGenetic counseling is recommended for prospective parents with a family history of Sanfilippo syndrome. Counseling is also recommended for families who have a child with Sanfilippo syndrome, to help them understand the condition and possible treatments.
Words that begins with the letter m?
There are more than 9,500 English words that begin with the letter M. Here are some of the longer ones:14-letter wordsmachicolations, machineability, macroaggregate, macroeconomics, macroevolution, macroglobulins, macromolecular, macromolecules, macronucleuses, macronutrients, macrostructure, magnetizations, magnetometries, magnetospheres, magnetospheric, magnifications, magniloquences, magniloquently, maidenlinesses, malabsorptions, malacostracans, maladaptations, maladjustments, maladministers, malapertnesses, malapportioned, malariologists, malcontentedly, malfunctioning, malleabilities, malodorousness, manageableness, manifestations, manifoldnesses, manipulability, manipulatively, mannerlinesses, manometrically, manufacturings, mariculturists, martyrizations, martyrologists, masterlinesses, mastigophorans, materialnesses, mathematically, mathematicians, matriculations, meaningfulness, mechanizations, meddlesomeness, meditativeness, megakaryocytes, megakaryocytic, megalomaniacal, megalopolitans, megascopically, megasporangium, megasporophyll, 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maldistributions, malodorousnesses, malpractitioners, manageablenesses, manipulabilities, manipulativeness, marginalizations, masculinizations, materializations, mathematizations, meaningfulnesses, mechanochemistry, mechanoreception, mechanoreceptive, mechanoreceptors, meddlesomenesses, meditativenesses, medulloblastomas, megacorporations, megagametophytes, megalomaniacally, megasporogeneses, megasporogenesis, melodramatically, mendaciousnesses, meretriciousness, meristematically, mesembryanthemum, metamathematical, metapsychologies, meteorologically, methamphetamines, methodicalnesses, methodologically, methylcelluloses, methylphenidates, meticulousnesses, microcalorimeter, microcalorimetry, microcircuitries, microcirculation, microcirculatory, microcrystalline, microdissections, microearthquakes, microelectronics, microencapsulate, microenvironment, microgametocytes, micrographically, microinstruction, microlepidoptera, micromanagements, micromanipulator, micrometeorology, 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multilingualisms, multimillionaire, multiplicatively, multiprocessings, multiprogramming, municipalization, mysteriousnesses17-letter wordsmacroevolutionary, macroglobulinemia, macroglobulinemic, macroinstructions, magnanimousnesses, magnetoresistance, magnetostrictions, maintainabilities, maladministration, malapportionments, maneuverabilities, marriageabilities, materialistically, meaninglessnesses, mechanoreceptions, medulloblastomata, mellifluousnesses, melodramatization, merchantabilities, meritoriousnesses, mesembryanthemums, metapsychological, methemoglobinemia, methylnaphthalene, microbiologically, microcalorimeters, microcalorimetric, microcirculations, microdensitometer, microdensitometry, microencapsulated, microencapsulates, microenvironments, microevolutionary, microinstructions, micromanipulation, micromanipulators, microminiaturized, micromorphologies, micropaleontology, microphotographed, microphotographer, microphotographic, microphotometries, microprogrammings, microradiographic, microreproduction, microseismicities, microsporogeneses, microsporogenesis, microvasculatures, mineralocorticoid, misadministration, misappropriations, miscellaneousness, mischaracterizing, mischievousnesses, misclassification, miscommunications, miscomprehensions, misidentification, misinterpretation, mispronunciations, misrepresentation, misrepresentative, mistranscriptions, mistrustfulnesses, misunderstandings, monochromatically, monospecificities, monosyllabicities, morphogenetically, mountainousnesses, multibillionaires, multiculturalisms, multidisciplinary, multigenerational, multimillionaires, multiprogrammings, multitudinousness, municipalizations18-letter wordsmacroglobulinemias, macrophotographies, magnetoresistances, magnetostrictively, maladministrations, malcontentednesses, manipulativenesses, mechanochemistries, melodramatizations, meretriciousnesses, metallographically, methemoglobinemias, methylcholanthrene, methylnaphthalenes, methylprednisolone, microcalorimetries, microcrystallinity, microdensitometers, microdensitometric, microencapsulating, microencapsulation, microenvironmental, microlepidopterous, micromanipulations, micrometeorologies, micrometeorologist, micromorphological, micropaleontologic, microphotographers, microphotographies, microphotographing, microradiographies, microreproductions, mineralocorticoids, misadministrations, misclassifications, misidentifications, misinterpretations, misrepresentations, monochromaticities, mucopolysaccharide, muddleheadednesses, multicellularities, multifariousnesses, myeloproliferative19-letter wordsmagnetohydrodynamic, meningoencephalitic, meningoencephalitis, methylcholanthrenes, methylprednisolones, microdensitometries, microelectronically, microencapsulations, micrometeorological, micrometeorologists, micropaleontologies, micropaleontologist, miscellaneousnesses, mischaracterization, mucopolysaccharides, multidimensionality, multitudinousnesses20-letter wordsmagnetofluiddynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, microcrystallinities, microelectrophoreses, microelectrophoresis, microelectrophoretic, microminiaturization, micropaleontological, micropaleontologists, microphotometrically, mischaracterizations21-letter wordsmeningoencephalitides, microminiaturizations, multidimensionalities22-letter wordsmicrospectrophotometer, microspectrophotometry23-letter wordsmicrospectrophotometers, microspectrophotometric24-letter wordsmicroelectrophoretically, microspectrophotometries
