Phonetics.
== == The study of the pronunciation of words is called "etymography" or "orthoepy."
orthoepy
Lexicographers study words. Their spelling, pronunciation, meaning or meanings, etymology and derivatives. They write dictionaries.
A book that provides definitions of words and their specific pronunciation is called a dictionary.
heterophone
Lexicographers study words. Their spelling, pronunciation, meaning or meanings, etymology and derivatives. They write dictionaries.
They are called "homonyms".
The study of new words is called neologism. Neologism is the process of creating or incorporating new words or terms into a language.
Yes, these are called "prefix-bound" or "suffix-bound" words. They are words that alter their pronunciation when combined with a prefix or suffix.
Words that sound similar but do not rhyme are called homophones. Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings or spellings.
Those markings are called diacritics. They are symbols added to letters to indicate specific sounds or pronunciation in phonetic transcription.
Linguistics?