Yes
Maybe.
No. The plane of any satellite orbit has to include the center of the earth, so the ground-track of the orbit would be great circle on the earth if the planet didn't rotate. Another way to visualize it: For every point in a satellite orbit that's north of the equator, there has to be a point south of the equator. (Technically, this is only true for circular orbits, but conceptually it's a good way to get the point across.)
About an hour.
A satellite is a body in orbit around another lager body. A probe is a machine sent to a specific place or specific course in space. Comment: That doesn't seem to answer the question. The curved path that a satellite follows is either a circle or an ellipse
From the question, I'm guessing that when the questioner reads the term "polar orbit", he's picturing the satellite doing a little tiny circle in the sky over the North Pole. This is not an accurate understanding of the term. Remember that the center of the orbit of an artificial satellite has to be at the center of the earth. A 'polar orbit' is an orbit that covers both poles. If you picture the globe of the earth, the satellite's orbit is a circle standing up, with the satellite traveling up and down, passing over both poles in each complete revolution of the earth. As the earth rotates, every point on earth passes under the orbit, and sooner or later, every point on earth will be visible from the satellite.
The orbit helps the satellite go into orbit.
The time it takes for a satellite to complete one full orbit around the Earth, known as its orbital period, can vary depending on the altitude of the satellite. On average, a satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO) typically takes about 90 minutes to complete one orbit, while a geostationary satellite orbits the Earth every 24 hours.
The acceleration of a satellite is generally directed towards the center of the celestial body it is orbiting, such as the Earth for a satellite in Earth's orbit. This acceleration is due to gravity, which keeps the satellite in its orbit.
If the satellite is in an orbit that takes it over the North and South Poles, it will eventually cover all parts of the Earth as the Earth spins beneath it. This kind of orbit is called a polar orbit.
If the velocity of the satellite is always perpendicular to the force of gravity, then the eccentricity of the orbit is zero, and it's perfectly circular.
It is south of the Arctic circle.
Every point on the Arctic Circle is at the same exact latitude ... roughly 66.5 degrees North. There is a point on the Arctic Circle at every possible longitude. The position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed. It directly depends on the Earth's axial tilt, which fluctuates within a margin of 2° over a 40,000-year period,notably due to tidal forces resulting from the orbit of the Moon