Describe how each of the following factors influenced history and government in south America indigenous civilizations colonization independence and authoritarian rule?

Answer 1

Indigenous civilizations in South America, such as the Inca and the Aztec, laid the foundations for complex societies with rich cultures and advanced agricultural practices, which were disrupted by European colonization. The arrival of Spanish and Portuguese colonizers led to the exploitation of resources, forced labor, and the spread of Christianity, fundamentally altering social structures and governance. The struggle for independence in the 19th century was fueled by a desire to escape colonial oppression, leading to the establishment of various republics, though often marred by internal conflicts. Authoritarian rule frequently emerged in the 20th century as leaders capitalized on instability, suppressing dissent and centralizing power, which has had lasting impacts on democratic development in the region.