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Gradually yes, but not in the traditional sense. If one looks at South Africa for instance, the entire country was not colonised at once. Dutch settlers arived and rather peacefully took occupation. Domain expansion led to battles with inhabitants of those spesific regions or domains.

Cecil John Rhodes was in a large part "credited" with the colonization of southern Africa, including Southern and Northern Rhodesia, named after him, and what is today Zimbabwe and Zambia.

The central African Nation of The Democratic Republic of Congo, was simply divided into regions governed by Portugal, France and Belgium without one sot being fired.

The gradual process of armed conflict therefore doesnt necessarily refer to the actual colonization of Africa, but more in response to and in resistance therof over time.

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