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Major Landforms in N America range North to South. The largest landforms - Mountain Ranges - all range North/South. The west-cost coastal ranges (The Northern Rockies, the Cascades, the Coastal Range in California, the Sierra Nevada), the Basin and Range province (between the Rockies and the Cascades/Sierras), the central Rocky Mountains, and the great east-coast range, the Appalachian Mountains.

The largest single river - the Mississippi - also runs almost directly north-south.

The reason for this general north/south geologic orientation is that, over the Eons, continental accretions (land masses) added on to the original ancient North American geological core - the North American Craton - have been added largely to today's Eastern and Western fringes. With each addition, mountain ranges were built up, due to either compressional pressures from the collisions of the land masses causing the crustal surfaces to buckle and fold, or from volcanism along the continental edges where the North American plate rode over the colliding plate, causing the colliding plate to partially melt. The molten rock would then rise up through the continental crust, building volcanic mountain ranges.

The western Basin and Range province is different - it was created by continental stretching in the area between the Rockies and the Cascades/Sierras. The stretching occurred in an east-west direction, causing faulting, in a north/south direction (perpendicular to the direction of the stretching), in the continental crust in the area. The land then separated, allowing sections to drop and partially roll, raising one edge of the segment while the other dropped. This created line after line of mountain ranges, all running in a north/south direction.

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