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The evolution of spacecraft from the United States Mercury program to contemporary space shuttles involved significant advancements in technology and design. The Mercury program, which began in the early 1960s, focused on sending a single astronaut into space for short durations. Over the decades, spacecraft design evolved to accommodate larger crews, longer missions, and more complex scientific objectives. Contemporary space shuttles like the Space Shuttle program introduced reusable spacecraft, advanced propulsion systems, and the capability to deploy and retrieve satellites from orbit.

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