If you want to go to Turkey, you don't need a Turkish passport, you need a visa to go with your passport. Only a Turkish citizen would carry a Turkish passport. The cost of a visa will depend on the type of visa that you get, but expect to spend at least $100 on it.
At the Turkish embassy or consulate.
Yes, Turkish citizens need a visa to travel to Mexico.
is possible for turkish embassy to give visa on the same day
Yes, Turkish citizens can travel to the USA with a valid visa or through the Visa Waiver Program.
For however long it states on your visa.
If he has a visa yes he can.
You need to get a Schengen visa since April 2008 !..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes but they need to get visa
Yes, he needs visa to UK and all Europe too.
It depends what kind of VISA you have. You cannot move from Turkey to Germany on a Tourist VISA, but you can with a residency permit or work permit.