It depends on how religious the particular Israeli Jew is.
Most Israeli Jews are Secular Jews and therefore rarely go to synagogue more than a few times a year if that. However, a quarter of Israeli Jews are Orthodox and go to synagogue every morning and often throughout the day.
To worship the Jews go to the synagogue.
Any time
Go to synagogue
it was first taught of by Ezra the prophet upon his return from the Babylonian exile. but decided against it, Jews that found it to hard to visit the Temple 3 times a years might go to the Synagogue instead and ignore the Temple. The Synagogue was used in the Babylon as a house of Study thus also prayer, but once the Jews returned to Israel, it was only used outside of Israel so there would be some connection. Most of the laws regarding to a synagogue today are from Ezra
It depends on how pious they are. A religious Jew will pray three times a day at the synagogue (although two of the prayer services will be done together). Secular Jews can sometimes go years between entering a synagogue.
They pray in the synagogue (a.k.a. Shul).
Jews go to a synagogue. But they can also pray anywhere.
Muslims go for worship (praying) to mosque or any clean place. Jews go to synagogue.
How much a Jew worships in a synagogue varies greatly, and is not dictated by religion. Traditional Jews pray 3 times a day, but not necessarily in a synagogue. Jews go to a synagogue to assemble with other Jews and to preserve the Jewish community, in addition to prayer and study.
It is the center of Jewish life outside of Israel. Jews go to a synagogue to study, pray, and socialize with other Jews.
As is the case with Christians and church, some Jews do go to synagogue and some don't - and of those that do, regularity of attendance varies greatly between individuals (some go three times every day, some once a week, some only for festivals and some only for Yom Kippur, when many Jews who don't go at any other time of the year attend).
Jews don't have churches - they have synagogues, and yes, they go to synagogue during Yom Kippur.