In Egypt an officer of Napoleons engineering corpse discovered?

Answer 1

Pierre-François-Xavier Bouchard discovered the Rosetta Stone in July 1799. He was an engineering officer in Napoleon's Commission des Sciences et des Arts. The Stone was found as French soldiers were enforcing Fort Julien, a city northeast of Egyptian city Rosetta, which is today known as Rashid.

The Rosetta Stone was the key to understanding Egyptian hieroglyphics, which had been studied in modern terms but never translated until that point. It has almost the exact same text written in Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, Demotic script, and Ancient Greek. It was not fully translated until 1822.