Over Half
Belize has the smallest population among Central American countries, with around 400,000 people.
Peru and Chile are both Latin American countries. South America, Central America, and Mexico are all considered Latin American countries.
The existing central American population
Technically there are only 7 Central American countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Mexico, although in North America, extends to the south between the Pacific and Caribbean, so is sometimes considered the 8th Central American country.
There are no Central American countries named for saints. The closest would be El Salvador - 'The Savior.'
The smallest Central American country by population is Belize, with a population of 333,721 people. Belize is bordered by Guatemala and Mexico.
Guatemala borders 4 countries, 3 of which are Central American. From north to south, here are the Central American countries that border Guatemala; Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador.
Mexico, and other central American countries
The largest Central American country in terms of population is Guatemala. It is also the most populous country in Central America.
Central America is part of North America. All of the Central American countries are officially part of that continent.
It lies on the North American tectonic plate and is considered by most Mexicans to be a North American country. However, most Spanish-speaking countries of Central America consider Mexico like one of them. It really depends on your point of view.
Panama is bordered by two countries: Costa Rica and Columbia. Costa Rica is considered part of Central America (which is part of the North American continent) and Columbia is part of South America.