Rehboam, solomen's son, wanted people to keep paying taxes. The people argued, and Rehboam said- "if you don't want to, leave." About 50% left, and it split apart families. They divided Israel into two Kingdoms.
The south.
Israel and Judah.
Solomon's onerous taxes and his favoritism toward Judah, the southern part of the kingdom.
Rehoboam
The North Kingdom (called Israel) and the South Kingdom (called Judea). It's actually split the same way today (only the borders are different).
The two new kingdoms that emerged were the Kingdom of Israel in the north, with Samaria as its capital, and the Kingdom of Judah in the south, with Jerusalem as its capital.
Had the Kingdom of Israel not split after the death of King Solomon, the Ten Tribes would be with us today.
The Israelites built the Kingdom of Israel, which emerged around the 11th century BCE. This kingdom was established under the leadership of Saul, followed by notable kings such as David and Solomon, who expanded its territory and consolidated power. The kingdom eventually split into two separate entities: the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah.
Rehaboam split the kingdom. He wanted to raise taxes and Solomon's advisers advised against it. He did not listen to them instead listening to young advisers. Jeroboam came to him and asked him to lower the taxes or he would split the kingdom. Rehoboam did not listen and the kingdom was split.
When the state was first established, the people who established it were strictly secularists, and there was a militant "rebellion against the past." The name "Judah" is a bit too ancient sounding, too archaic. Israel is ancient too, but it is nowhere near as archaic sounding. In the actual ancient times, when the unified Kingdom of David split into the northern Kingdom of Israel, and the southern Kingdom of Judah, the northern kingdom was renamed "Israel" to rebel against the rule of the tribe of Judah. The northern Israelites, had rejected Judaism in favor of pagan worship, religious split is what caused the division.
After King Solomon's death, Israel separated into two Kingdoms - the Northern Kingdom of Israel which consisted primarily of 10 of the 12 tribes of Israel, and the Southern Kingdom of Judah which consisted primarily of tribe of Judah and Benjamin. It should be noted however, that each Kingdom had members of all 12 tribes of Israel.
Solomon and his father David were heads of a loose federation of Hebrew tribes, known to the Egyptians as Habiru - brigands and herders who were in the Judean hills. The stories of their grand kingdoms are much exaggerated - there seem to be no remains of Solomon's many palaces. The successor chiefs split into two groups - the 10 tribes of the north (Israell) and the two tribes in the south (Judea). It was after that that Solomon's successors established real kingdoms, and they were soon taken over - by the Assyrians in the north, and the Babylonians in the south, then both by Persia.