a waxy cuticle on the upper epidermis
stomata that can open and close to minimise transpiration
small surface area to volume ratio= less diffusion= less water loss
Spines on a plant typically represent modified leaves or stipules that have evolved to protect the plant from herbivores or help it conserve water.
The needles are the leaves of the tree, which allow it to carry out photosynthesis and produce food
Tropical rainforest leaves have adaptations like large surface area, drip tips, and thin cuticles to thrive in their environment. These features help them capture sunlight, shed excess water, and prevent water loss.
The snake plant folds its leaves to reduce the surface area exposed to dry air, which helps to minimize water loss through evaporation and conserve water. This adaptation allows the plant to survive in dry conditions by reducing the amount of water it needs to stay healthy.
Desert plants have adaptations such as deep root systems to reach underground water sources, thick skin or waxy coating to reduce water loss through evaporation, and the ability to store water in their tissues for times of drought. Additionally, some desert plants have modified leaves or spines to reduce surface area and limit water loss.
Adaptations that enable plants to reduce water loss from leaves are: thick waxy cuticle - reduce evaporation reduced leaf surface area (eg. needles - cacti) closing stomates at midday, when hottest or during the day - reduce traspiration fewer number of stomates store water for long periods of time and absorb it quickly, usually plants have and extensive shallow root system have long roots, and loose their leaves - reduce stranspiration and absob water from dry soil seasons, grow and die in one season Physiological adaptations being CAM plants vs C4 plants
Thick leaves would generally do better in dry conditions as they help to conserve water through reduced transpiration. Thin leaves are better suited for wet environments as they facilitate faster water uptake and are less prone to waterlogging issues.
One of the adaptations of the banana tree is it's big leaves which help it absorb sunlight.
Uriates
Both halophytes and xerophytes possess similar adaptations because they both need to survive in environments with limited water availability. These adaptations include features like reduced leaf surface area, thick cuticles, and specialized root systems to help them conserve water and tolerate the harsh conditions of their respective habitats.
It is the white fuzz underneath the leaves that help it retain moisture.
Leaves may turn over due to environmental factors like wind or to reduce water loss by exposing fewer stomata to direct sunlight. It can also be a response to stress, such as drought, to help regulate temperature and conserve water.