Before the establishment of democracy, Athens was ruled by various forms of governance, including monarchy and oligarchy. Initially, it was a monarchy, where kings held power, often supported by noble families. Later, oligarchies emerged, where a small group of elite citizens controlled political power, making decisions that favored their interests over the broader populace. These systems laid the groundwork for the eventual shift to democratic governance in Athens.
Before, Athenian democracy was put into place, it was ruled by the Tyrant's in a Tyrannical government. Okay guys, my answer might not be the best but, it got me an A on my paper! I hope this answer helps you! If not, I'm sorry!!
The main criticism of ancient Athenian democracy is the limitations Athenian law placed upon who could be considered a citizen. The only Athenians who were considered full citizens were Athens-born men of at least 18 years of age. And to be considered Athens-born, both of one's parents had to have been citizens. But while women could be considered citizens, they had no voice in the Assembly, and no real rights within the democracy. Furthermore, slaves had no voice whatsoever in the Athenian democracy.
equality of opportunity and equality before the law
Most of the city-States were ruled by olicharchies, that is, by small groups of powerful families. Only Sparta had kings. These however mostly acted as army commanders while day-to-day government was left in the hands of a Council of Elders. Athens for at least some of its history had a form of democracy, although at the same time its economy was largely based on the massive use of slave labor. All through its history, Athens' powerful families continued to carefully control the ways in which democracy functioned and key executive posts remained in the hands of their family members.
The three ways that Rome was ruled were first the monarvhy, second, the republic and third, the principate.
Voting?
For those city-states that were either monarchical or autocratic (like Sparta, Mycenae, etc.), there was no democracy which to limit. For city-states, like Athens, that were democracies at some points in their history, democracy was limited in several ways. The first were limits on suffrage. Only ethnic Athenian males who owned property were allowed to vote. This was less than 10% of the population of Athens. There were also limits on who could be the leaders of the state, restricting that to several noble families.
Sparta was stronger on land, Athens stronger by sea.
Not very well. To begin with, the idealization of Athens as the 'birthplace of democracy" is largely a 19th century invention of the poet Lord Byron who was an ardent supporter of Greece's struggle against the Ottoman Empire and who tried to win over the European powers to support Greece's independence efforts. In reality, Athens - for a relatively short period - had a form of democracy consisting of mass meeting consultation on a limited number of subjects, but the real power remained with the ruling families of Athens who saw to it that all power remained firmly in their hands. Athens' ideals mostly revolved around dominance, expansion and trade and they never even tried to institute their brand of democracy in other city-States or even in their own colonies. Athens was an Olicharchy and was happy to see power concentrated in the hands of a few powerful families elsewhere as well.
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The three ways in which the imperial countries ruled included divide and conquer, collaboration, and through entrally appointed officials.
both had slaves