What do they do at Amundsen-Scott?

Answer 1

Amundsen-Scott is the name of a research station located at 90 degrees S -- the South Pole, which is funded by the United States of America through the National Science Foundation.

All research done on Antarctica studies the health of planet Earth. At pole, there is concentration on astronomy, because of the lack of particulate in the air and the access to the Southern Hemisphere of stars.