The Inca Empire was located in present-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and parts of Chile and Argentina. The Aztec Empire was located in central Mexico, with its capital city of Tenochtitlan situated in present-day Mexico City.
Mexico
Due to volcanic activity, central Mexico is dominated by the Mexican central plateau, which besides its fertile soil, has a temperate climate -- unlike the scorching deserts to the north or the suffocating jungles on the coast. This has allowed a higher population density and more development along the region. Some of the largest cities in Mexico, such as Mexico City, Puebla, Queretaro or Guanajuato are located in Central Mexico.
ClimateSoil quality (for agriculture)
The Aztec and Mayan empires did.
It remains central Mexico
Mexico and Central America were settled by Spanish conquistadors; most of the Caribbean was unclaimed until the later half of the 16th century, and included colonies from the Spanish, British, French and Dutch Empires.
Central Mexico
Due to volcanic activity, central Mexico is dominated by the Mexican central plateau, which besides its fertile soil, has a temperate climate -- unlike the scorching deserts to the north or the suffocating jungles on the coast. This has allowed a higher population density and more development along the region. Some of the largest cities in Mexico, such as Mexico City, Puebla, Queretaro or Guanajuato are located in Central Mexico.
Human geography in central Mexico significantly influenced the development of its civilizations, such as the Aztecs, by shaping social organization, trade routes, and agricultural practices. The region's diverse landscapes, including mountains and valleys, facilitated the establishment of intricate agricultural systems like chinampas, which supported dense populations. Additionally, the proximity to resources and trade networks fostered cultural exchanges and economic prosperity, ultimately impacting historical events, including conquests and the rise of empires. These geographical factors also played a role in shaping social hierarchies and political structures within these societies.
Several of them, qualify as such. However, the two most important are the Mexica or Aztec, and the Mayan Empires.
Mexico: Aztecs, Mayans Peru: Incas