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The short answer: Any deity or cultic hero with whom they came in contact, except the Judeo-Christian (though the Jews were allowed to worship provided they prayed for the prosperity of the emperor and his empire).
The long answer: The Romans were really adept at adapting and adopting the mythologies of all the cultures they conquered, or, for that matter, admired. So, for instance, the Romans were in deep admiration of the Greek culture and civilization, rightly considering them their cultural ancestors, one only need look to the Aeneid to discover this truth. However, despite their infatuation with the Greeks and incorporation of their myths, it would be inaccurate to say that the Romans plagiarized them from the Greeks, merely Latinizing the names, such that Zeus became Jupiter, Hera became Juno, and Athena became Minerva. Rather, as the Roman civilization has its roots in the Italian region of Latium, these gods and heroes were Etruscan in origin (NB: of the mythic 7 kings of Rome, 5 were Etruscan by ethnicity). However, as the city's realm of influence was expanded by war, alliance, and trade, so, too, was its pantheon. Early in its history, it would have encountered several Greek colonies, and after recognizing the greatness of these people and their advanced civilization, they adopted many Greek customs, even making Greek the language and culture of scholarly study. When they eventually encountered other cultures, they allowed them to retain those parts of their religion which weren't directly in conflict with Roman moral sensibilities, and identified their gods and heroes with the natives'. For instance, the Britannic goddess Sulis, who is supposed as a solar deity with similar powers and background to the Roman Minerva, was combined with the Roman goddess Minerva (the cult of the goddesses was celebrated at modern-day Bath, England). And, it was the same across the board: when the Romans conquered a people, they allowed religion to continue as before, but as an extension of their own pantheon. Only a few cults, like that of Isis in Egypt, managed to be transmitted throughout the empire unassimilated.
What else can I help you with?
How did the Greeks and Romans name celestial bodies?
Generally they named the figures after gods and heroes.
From what people did Romans adopt some gods?
Sometimes they started worshiping the gods and goddesses of people they conquered--they took on the Greek religion, Christianity, Egyptian and Persian religions.
What is Perseus' Roman name?
The Romans only changed the names of the gods, not the heroes. So Perseus' Roman name is still Perseus.
Did Romans use stone?
Drawing on the Hebrew tradition of carving important information in stone, the Romans left some tidbits and teasers in stone, as well as a few stone monuments to their gods and heroes.
Why did the Romans used the Greek gods but changed their names?
The 'Roman Names' were worshiped and known to the Romans before the Greek; when the Greek people were conquered, their gods and goddesses were incorporated into the Roman gods and goddesses; so it is that it is near impossible to now tell the difference between the two. That, by the way, was a common practice of the Romans, adopting the gods and goddesses of the people they conquered/ruled.
How many gods did Romans worship?
The Romans worshiped hundreds of gods
Is the Roman god Neptune a Greek legend?
the Romans took the Greek's legends and just renamed the heroes and gods/goddesses. ex Neptune = Poseidon
Is Jove the Roman god the same god as Zeus the Greek god?
Misconception here; the Romans did not adopt Greek gods and change their names. They already had their own gods and simply equated them to Greek gods later.
Where did the Romans adopt their alphabet from?
The Greeks.
Where did the Romans adopt the arch from?
The Etruscans.
Did Romans insist that Jews worship Roman gods?
No the Romans did not force the Jews to worship their gods.
Did the Romans adopt Aphrodite?
Yes, she was adopted in the Roman goddess Venus. Most of the Roman gods were adopted from the Greek ones and so most of their duties were very much similar.
