People from Madrid are madrilenos, with a tilde (looks like a squiggly line) over the n. That is, madrileños (or madrileñas, if they're female.)
He lives in Madrid, in a neighbourhood called La Moraleja.
A person who lives nearby is called a neighbor.
A person who lives in a specific place is called a resident or inhabitant of that place.
A person who lives in a particular place is called a resident.
A native of Switzerland is called a Swiss.
cave person
Irish.
In 2010 Ronaldo lives in Madrid.
Rome is called Rome in English and Roma in Italian. Madrid is called Madrid both in English and in Spanish.
The years a person lives are typically referred to as their lifespan.
A person who lives in Damascus is called a Damascene.
He lives in Madrid.