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As well as in common political discourse,social mobility refers to the degree to which an individual or group's status is able to change in terms of position in the social hierarchy. To this extent it most commonly refers to material wealth and the ability of an agentto move up the class system. Such a change may be described as "vertical mobility," by contrast with a more general change in position ("horizontal mobility").Mobility is enabled in part by cultural capital(such as higher education or an authoritative accent),human capital (such as competence and effort in labour),social capital (such as support from one's social network),physical capital (such as ownership of tools), and capital(such as the worth of an official title). Many of these factors, however, ultimately remain intertwined with economic capital,The extent to which a nation is open and fundamental significance:a society in which traditional or religious caste systems dominate is unlikely to present the opportunity for social mobility.

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