What is the web address of the Tifft Nature Preserve in Buffalo New York?

Are there any scientific citations proving that the speed of light is slowing down and therefore that the world is only thousands and not billions of years old that are not by Creationists?

Two points of view are offerred by our Contributors in to this Question. The first is in the affirmative; the second is a Response and is the negative.Following the Discussion on the Question "How much time has elapsed since Creation?" (How much time has elapsed since Creation I received the following request:-"I wonder if you would mind providing a reliable citation that the rate of time has changed (or may have changed) in such a way as to deceive scientists into believing that the world is billions of years old, but is really only thousands of years old."As all scientific citations are verifiable [eg peer review, experiment duplication] , by "reliable citation" he really meant "non-creationist-worldview scientific citation" [personal communication].This information is readily available to all via the internet.(Part 1).Background:-For an overview of the scientific discovery that the speed of Light is not constant but has slowed down, see the articles:--"History of the Light-Speed Debate" ( at http://www.khouse.org/articles/2002/423/)-"Speed of Light Slowing Down? [by Missler] (at http://khouse.org/articles/1999/225/)(Part 2).Summary:-For example, quoting from (another) article 'Speed of Light Slowing Down?" [by Bennett] (at http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=39733):- ...[It] is deceptively simple: The speed of light is not constant, as we've been taught since the early 1930s, but has been steadily slowing since the first instance of time. ... [V]irtually all aspects of traditional physics are affected, including the presumed steady state of radioactive decay used to measure geologic time. [It] begins with observations that just don't fit currently accepted scientific dogma. ... Barry Setterfield and Trevor Norman published their results at SRI in July 1987 after extensive peer review. It would be easy to dismiss two relatively unknown researchers if theirs were the only voices in this wilderness and the historic data was the only anomaly. They are not. Since the SRI publication in 1987, forefront researchers from Russia, Australia, Great Britain and the United States have published papers in prestigious journals questioning the constancy of the speed of light. Within the last 24 months -, Dr. Joao Magueijo, a physicist at Imperial College in London, - Dr. John Barrow of Cambridge, -Dr. Andy Albrecht of the University of California at Davis -Dr. John Moffat of the University of Toronto (It's important to note that none of these researchers have expressed any bias toward a predetermined , biblical or otherwise. If anything, they are antagonistic toward a biblical worldview.) Dr. Magueijo believes that light speed was faster only in the instants following the beginning of time. Dr. Barrow, Barry Setterfield and others believe that light speed has been declining from the beginning of time to the historic near past. Dr. Magueijo recently stated that the debate should not be why and how could the speed of light could vary, but what combination of irrefutable theories demands that it be constant at all. ... It's important to recognize the resistance that the current hierarchy of science has to the possibility that light speed may not be constant. Dr. Joao Magueijo was forced to wait for over a year between submission of his initial work on varying light speed and publication. Setterfield, Dr. Tifft, Dr. Paul Davis, Dr. John Barrow and others have been subjected to peer review which borders on ridicule. Dr. Tifft's discussion of red-shift anomalies was published with seeming reluctance in the Astrophysical Journal in the mid 1980s with a rare editorial note pointing out that the referees "neither could find obvious errors with the analysis nor felt that they could enthusiastically endorse publication." After Dr. Tifft's initial publication, several astronomers devised extensive experiments in attempts to prove him wrong. Among them two Scottish astronomers, Bruce Gutherie and William Napier from the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh observed approximately 300 galaxies in the mid 1990s. They found to their surprise confirmation of quantum banding of red-shift data. They also had difficulty publishing their data. It has been reported that the prestigious Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics refused publication until an additional set of observations from 97 other spiral galaxies was included. A Fourier analysis of the 302 early data points, and the subsequent total of 399 data points strongly confirmed the quantum shifts. Despite this - and additional observations by Bell in 2003 - many scientists ... have continued to claim that the ... results by Tifft and others are due to sloppy research or insufficient data. It's intriguing to note that the first measurement of light speed by Olaf Roemer in the late 17th century was an attempt to disprove the Aristotelian belief that light speed was infinite. Despite overwhelming and repeatable evidence, over 50 years passed before the scientific hierarchy of the time accepted evidence which, in retrospect was clear, compelling and unimpeachable....(Part 3). News sites ( young-earth creation)This information is easily available to all. For example,No 3 (i):-[From World Net Daily, http://evolution-facts.org/New-material/Speed%20of%20Light.htm)This article was updated 5 years later:- Speed of light slowing down?Posted: July 31, 2004 1:00 a.m. EasternBy Chris Bennett2004 WorldNetDaily.com...Since the SRI publication in 1987, forefront researchers from Russia, Australia, Great Britain and the United States have published papers in prestigious journals questioning the constancy of the speed of light.Within the last 24 months, Dr. Joao Magueijo, a physicist at Imperial College in London, Dr. John Barrow of Cambridge, Dr. Andy Albrecht of the University of California at Davis and Dr. John Moffat of the University of Toronto have all published work advocating their belief that light speed was much higher - as much as 10 to the 10th power faster - in the early stages of the "Big Bang" than it is today. (It's important to note that none of these researchers have expressed any bias toward a predetermined. , biblical or otherwise. If anything, they are antagonistic toward a biblical worldview.) ".No. 3 (ii):-(Note: updated March 11th 2009, originally published 2004 )[From World Net Daily,( http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=39733 ]Speed of light slowing down?Posted: July 31, 20041:00 am Eastern By Chris Bennett © 2009 WorldNetDaily.com...Setterfield and Norman published their results at SRI in July 1987 after extensive peer review. It would be easy to dismiss two relatively unknown researchers if theirs were the only voices in this wilderness and the historic data was the only anomaly. They are not. Since the SRI publication in 1987, forefront researchers from Russia, Australia, Great Britain and the United States have published papers in prestigious journals questioning the constancy of the speed of light. Within the last 24 months, Dr. Joao Magueijo, a physicist at Imperial College in London, Dr. John Barrow of Cambridge, Dr. Andy Albrecht of the University of California at Davis and Dr. John Moffat of the University of Toronto have all published work advocating their belief that light speed was much higher - as much as 10 to the 10th power faster - in the early stages of the "Big Bang" than it is today. (It's important to note that none of these researchers have expressed any bias toward a predetermined , biblical or otherwise. If anything, they are antagonistic toward a biblical worldview.) Dr. Magueijo believes that light speed was faster only in the instants following the beginning of time. Dr. Barrow, Barry Setterfield and others believe that light speed has been declining from the beginning of time to the historic near past. Dr. Magueijo recently stated that the debate should not be why and how could the speed of light could vary, but what combination of irrefutable theories demands that it be constant at all......(4). News sites ( secular)However, this same information is also readily available on many secular non-creationist news sites, for example:-No. 4 (i):-[Live Science -Technology ,From http://www.livescience.com/technology/050819_fastlight.html ]"Technology Scientists Mess with the Speed of Light By Ker Than, LiveScience Staff Writer posted: 19 August, 2005 3:41 pm ET Researchers in Switzerland have succeeded in breaking the cosmic speed limit by getting light to go faster than, well, light. Or is it all an illusion? Scientists have recently succeeded in doing all sorts of fancy things with light, including slowing it down and even stopping it all together. Now a team at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland is controlling the speed of light using simple off-the-shelf optical fibers, without the aid of special media such as cold gases or crystalline solids like in other experiments. "This has the enormous advantage of being a simple, inexpensive procedure that works at any wavelength," said Luc Thevenaz, lead author of the study detailing the research. Using a technique called Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, the researchers were able to slow down or ratchet up the speed of light like the gas pedal on a car. They succeeded in reducing the speed of light by almost a factor of 4 (although that's still plenty fast at 46,500 miles per second), but even more dramatically, the team was also able to speed up the speed of light........No. 4 (ii):-( http://www.livescience.com/technology/041112_slow_light.html )Technology Light Packets Slow to Jet SpeedBy Michael Schirber, LiveScience Staff Writerposted: 12 November, 2004 6:30 a.m. ET...But if the signal can be converted into a soliton it should maintain its shape. Deng and Wu have shown, in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters, how this soliton transformation can be done theoretically. They are now gearing up to prove their calculations in an experiment.No. 4 (iii):-(From Associated Press, http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/generalscience/lightstop_010119.html )"Physicists Bring Light to a StopBy Joseph B. VerrengiaThe Associated Pressposted: 11:48 am ET19 January 2001 Physicists say they have brought light particles to a screeching halt, then revved them up again so that they could continue their journey at a blistering 186,000 miles (299,330 kilometers) per second. The results are the latest in a growing number of experiments that manipulate light -- the fastest and most ephemeral form of energy in the universe. Eventually, researchers hope to harness its speedy properties in the development of more powerful computers and other technologies that store information in light particles rather than electrons. The experiments were conducted in separate laboratories in Cambridge, Massachusetts by groups led by Lene Vestergaard Hau of Harvard and the Rowland Institute of Science, and Ronald L. Waldsworth and Mikhail D. Lukin of the Harvard-Smithsonian Institute for Astrophysics. The results will be published in upcoming issues of the journals Natureand American Physical Letters. Physicists who did not participate in the experiments said the two research papers make an important contribution to understanding the properties of light."No. 4 (iv):-[From ABC Science online -News in Science, http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s644831.htm ]Shedding new light on the speed of light Monday, 12 August 2002A team of Sydney researchers has discovered that the speed of light may have slowed since the Big Bang.Professor Paul Davies, at the Australian Centre for Astrobiology, Macquarie University, and Drs Tamara Davis and Charles Lineweaver, from the Department of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, explain their theory in the latest issue of Nature.No. 4 (v):-[From ABC World News - Technology and Science, http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=99111&page=1 ]Scientists Slow Down Speed of Light Scientists Reduce Speed of Light to a Crawl By Tom KirchoferB O S T O N, Feb. 19 [2009] Scientists have managed to slow down light so much that if it were a car on a highway, it could get a ticket for not getting over to the right-hand lane. The speed of light is normally about 186,000 miles per second, or fast enough to go around the world seven times in the wink of eye. Scientists succeeded in slowing it down to 38 mph. ... Lene Vesergaard Hau, the Danish scientist who led the project,... The research, conducted at the Rowland Institute for Science in Cambridge and Harvard University, was described in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.No. 4 (vi):-[ From The Harvard University Gazette http://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/02.18/light.html][The Harvard University Gazette Feb 18th 1999] Physicists Slow Speed of Light By William J. Cromie Light, which normally travels the 240,000 miles from the Moon to Earth in less than two seconds, has been slowed to the speed of a minivan in rush-hour traffic -- 38 miles an hour. ... Hau led a team of scientists who did this experiment at the Rowland Institute for Science, a private, nonprofit research facility in Cambridge, Mass., endowed by Edwin Land, the inventor of instant photography.... Members of Hau's team included Harvard graduate students Zachary Dutton and Cyrus Behroozi. Steve Harris from Stanford University served as a long-distance collaborator. ...When everything is set up just right, the light can be slowed by a factor of 20 million. The process is described in detail in the Feb. 18 issue of the scientific journal Nature. (Warning: Don't try this at home.) Relativity and the Internet Slowing light this way doesn't violate any principle of physics. (Hau will give a lecture on her experiments at 4:30 p.m. on Monday, Feb. 22, at Room 250, Jefferson Laboratories.)No. 4 (vii):-[Press release from Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-08/epfd-ltt081905.php ]Public release date: 19-Aug-2005[Contact: Luc Thevenazluc.thevenaz@epfl.ch41-21-693-4774Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Light that travels... faster than light! This press release is also available in French. A team of researchers from the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) has successfully demonstrated, for the first time, that it is possible to control the speed of light - both slowing it down and speeding it up - in an optical fiber, using off-the-shelf instrumentation in normal environmental conditions. Their results, to be published in the August 22 issue of Applied Physics Letters, ... The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) considers it so important that it has been funnelling millions of dollars into projects such as "Applications of Slow Light in Optical Fibers" and research on all-optical routers.No. 4 (viii):- [From University of New South Wales, http://www.unsw.edu.au/news/pad/articles/2006/jan/Speed_of_light.html ]Speed of light is slowing down: was Einstein wrong?18th January 2006A daring and controversial scientist who says that the speed of light is slowing down will give a public lecture on Thursday evening at UNSW. Cosmologist Dr João Magueijo caused a scientific furore in 1999 when he published a paper claiming that light may have travelled much faster at the Big Bang than it does now.A reader in theoretical physics at Imperial College in London, Dr Magueijo's claim also has indirect support from discoveries by John Webb, professor of astrophysics at UNSW.... Research published by Dr Webb and his former PhD student, Dr Michael Murphy, has revealed that one of the fundamental laws of physics known as the "fine structure constant" has altered in a way suggesting the mathematical possibility that light has slowed down in the past 12 billion years.These articles quoted above should be acceptable because: -They are reporting news and discoveries in science, (not interpreting it);-The sites themselves wouldn't dare report it if it wasn't credible, accurate, cross-checked, and verifiable;-of the recognized credentials and authority of the people quoted-of the recognized credentials and authority of the institutions quoted- Dr. Joao Magueijo, a physicist at Imperial College in London- Dr. John Barrow of Cambridge-Dr. Andy Albrecht of the University of California at Davis-Dr. John Moffat of the University of Toronto-Lene Vestergaard Hau of Harvard and the Rowland Institute of Science-Ronald L. Waldsworth and Mikhail D. Lukin of the Harvard-Smithsonian Institute for Astrophysics.-Professor Paul Davies, at the Australian Centre for Astrobiology, Macquarie University-Dr. William Tifft- Zachary Dutton and Cyrus Behroozi, both Harvard graduate students- Steve Harris from Stanford University-Bruce Gutherie and William Napier from the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh-Luc Thevenaz of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland-Drs Tamara Davis and Charles Lineweaver, from the Department of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales-Dr John Webb, professor of astrophysics at UNSW.-ABC [Australia]-ABC [United States]-Associated Press-Institutions referred to- Physical Review Letters-Nature- American Physical LettersNone of these would be terribly happy if their credentials and motives were impugned.(Part 5). Scientific PapersAs various scientific peer-reviewed Papers on the subject of the changing speed of light have been available for many years no-one has any excuse for claiming reliable citations do not exist.1927:-M.E.J. Gheury de Bray"The Velocity of Light"(In the official French Astronomical Journal in Science, Vol 66, Supplement X, 30th Sept 1927)1931:-M.E.J. Gheury de Bray"The Velocity of Light"(In "Nature" 4th April 1934, p.522)1934:-M.E.J. Gheury de Bray"The Velocity of Light"(In "Nature" 24th March 1934)1981:-T.C. van Flandern"Is The Gravitational Constant Changing?"(In "The Astrophysical Journal" Vol 248, ist Sept 1981, p. 813-816)1983:-Harold W. Milnes"Faster Than Light?"(In "Radio-Electronics" Vol 54, Jan 1983, p. 55-58)1987:-Barry Setterfield and Trevor Norman"the Atomic Constants, Light and Time"(pub. by Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia Aug 1987.)V.S. Troitskii"Physical Constants and the Evolution of the Universe"(In "Astrophysics and Space Science" Vol 139, No. 2, dec 1987, p. 389-411)1988:-P.Y. Pappas and Alexis Guy Obolensky"Thirty Six Nanoseconds Faster Than Light"(In "Electronics and Wireless World" Dec 1988, p. 1162-1165)1993:-Alan Montgomery and Lambert Dolphin"Is The Velocity Of Light Constant In Time?"(In "Galilean Electrodynamics" Vol 4, No. 5, Sept-Oct 1993, p. 93-97)1995:-Julian Brown"Faster Than The Speed of Light?"(In "New Scientist" 1st April 1995, p. 26-29)1999:-Andreas Albrecht and Joao Magueijo"A Time varying Speed Of Light As A solution To Cosmological puzzles"(In "Physical Review D" , 15th Feb 1999, p. 043516-9)2000:-Jon Marangos"Faster Than A Speeding Photon"(In "Nature" Vol 406, 20th July 2000, p. 243-244)Note:-Barry Setterfield has 377 References in his Paper "The Atomic Constants, Light and Time" mentioned above. I trust this s the gentleman's request._____________________________ResponseNo. No scientific citations, as the term is normally understood, exists. There are several religious websites that make this claim, as well as pseudo-scientific websites, and an pseudo-scientific article has been written by an unqualified author, whose biography shows him to be a strongly committed Christian with no scientific degrees. These can be pointed to as religious opinions, but not as genuine scientific citations. I have indeed checked some of the citations that are available on the word wide web. Citations are verifiable to the extent that their existence can be verified, although verification of their findings or conclusions is not always possible, certainly not by browsing the web. Given time and resource restraints, I focussed on what seemed to be the most important source(s), but this was enough to convince me that this claim is driven by a creationist agenda.A website, khouse was cited, but I found that khouseis a religious website.http://khouse.org/articles/1999/225/ in turn cites a number of its own sources. The most important of these seems to be a paper titled The Atomic Constants, Light, and Time, which on first inspection appears to be a genuine scientific article.The referenced paper, titled The Atomic Constants, Light, and Time is available online as an Invited Research Report by: BARRY SETTERFIELD and TREVOR NORMAN, at: http://ldolphin.org/setterfield/report.htmlBiography of BARRY SETTERFIELDI think a review of any citation must include knowing who wrote the article, what his qualifications are, and what motivation or agenda may have led him to inadvertently misinterpret information. Setterfield's biography is freely available at: http://www.setterfield.org/000docs/bio.html. I have not found the biography of Trevor Norman, but Setterfield seems to have been the principal author.He had commenced university studies in physics and geology but was unable to complete the degree due to health issues. Shortly afterwards, he committed his life to Christ (hisparents were Salvation Army officers). This made him hesitant to re-enter University with its "anti-Christian bias".Thus he has no qualifications relevant to research into fundamental issues concerning the speed of light. In fact, his stated anti-university bias could suggest that he would be an unlikely candidate to conduct objective scientific research. It could even be argued that his main qualification was as a committed Christian and creationist.Though often referred to as Dr. Setterfield, Barry has taken pains to point out that he has not received a Ph.D. and the term "Dr." should therefore not be used with his name. In fact, Mr Setterfield appears not to have completed his bachelor degree.Flinders University published the "research paper" in August 1987, unaware that both authors were creationists until another creationist, then working for the Institute of Creation Research (ICR), phoned both Flinders University and SRI International and asked them if they knew that Barry Setterfield and Trevor Norman were creationists.So, twenty-two years after publication of a paper that should have set the scientific world back on its heels, there is no controversy; in fact there is no evident interest in this paper outside creationist circles.Even the Creation Science Foundation in Australia publicly retracted support for Setterfield's work. And if Setterfield's ideological allies fail to support his hypothesis, then it must be a very shaky hypothesis.Paper preamble"The authors of this report discuss the possibility that the velocity of light is not a constant. " [My emphasis] ... Lambert T. Dolphin, Senior Research Physicist, SRI." This is a polite and accurate introduction, but does not suggest support by Dolphin. Non-technical summary of Report's contentsThe drop is something like 1500 kilometers per second over a period of 300 years.Using [these] procedures indicates that c does decay with time, and that the decay does have a formal statistical significance. This suggests that the speed of light was indeed higher in the past, and that atomic processes were faster as Van Flandern indicated.My comments on the paperThe authors do not claim proof that a change has occurred in the speed of light. They merely hypothesise some slowing down in the speed of light and in the atomic clock. Moreover, they do not anywhere in the paper suggest that this could mean that the world is only thousands of years old. They suggest a figure of ten to one over a very long period of time, not enough to change billions to thousands. As I expected, this paper was written by a creationist without appropriate scientific qualifications. It has been used by a religious website for its own agenda, beyond the apparent scope of the paper itself. The paper and the religious website have then been quoted by others, including a Wiki s Contributor. Eventually we could be led to believe that there is overwhelming support or even evidence for what is only a speculative position.Setterfield concedes that he initially had difficulty in having his paper published because of (i) his lack of accreditation and (ii) it was too speculative. He says that his published paper was ridiculed in reviewed, but does not provide links to those criticisms (if available online) nor does he reprint extracts of the criticisms and attempt to rebut them.Other citationsCosmologist Dr João Magueijo is reported to have caused a scientific furore in 1999 when he published a paper claiming that light may have travelled much faster at the Big Bang than it does now. This may be serious scientific research, but does not suggest that the universe is thousands of years old. In fact, the quote implies the opposite.Dr Webb and his former PhD student, Dr Michael Murphy are cited for publishing research that has revealed that one of the fundamental laws of physics known as the "fine structure constant" has altered in a way suggesting the mathematical possibility that light has slowed down in the past 12 billion years. This is important: these scientists say the speed of light slowed down in the past 12 billion years. They do not support the creationist position that the universe is thousands of years old.Some research has also been quoted, where scientists slowed down light as it passed through various materials. But it has long been known that light slows down as it passes through materials. It is only the speed of light in a vacuum that is relevant.ConclusionThe stated objective in the first , of demonstrating that the rate of time has changed (or may have changed) in such a way as to deceive scientists into believing that the world is billions of years old but is really only thousands of years old, has not been achieved. Even the objective of citing material that has not been influenced by creationists has not been achieved.The first also explains that various scientists are experimenting on ways to slow light in a controlled way as it passes through various materials. But this is applied science, because it has long been known that light slows down as it passes through materials.What may have been achieved is demonstration that some scientists hypothesise that light travelled faster than what is now considered the speed of light in a vacuum, for a brief period after the Big Bang. That is interesting but irrelevant to the Question in hand. And a hypothesis is not accepted theory, nor is it evidence or proof.In any case, the speed of light is a side issue. The issue is (i) whether the rate of time has changed dramatically; and (ii) whether this could have occurred in such a way as to deceive scientists by a factor of a million to one. This has not even been addressed.Some research has also been quoted, where scientists slowed down light as it passed through various materials. But it has long been known that light slows down as it passes through materials. It is only the speed of light in a vacuum that is even remotely relevant.We are left with a speculative paper from an unqualified creationist, who concedes that reviews of that paper ridiculed his hypothesis, and some minor applied science that is irrelevant to the Question in hand. No attempt has been made to demonstrate that any of this proves, or could prove, that the world is only a few thousand years old.

What movie and television projects has Mary Gordon been in?

Mary Gordon has: Played Mrs. Hennessy in "The Home Maker" in 1925. Played Mrs. Tifft in "The People vs. Nancy Preston" in 1925. Played Minor Role in "Lights of Old Broadway" in 1925. Played Aunt Maggie in "Tessie" in 1925. Played Woman with Long Hair in "The Dome Doctor" in 1925. Played Mrs. Clancy in "The Dixie Flyer" in 1926. Played Mrs. Murphy in "Black Paradise" in 1926. Played Bit in "The Claw" in 1927. Played First Midwife in "Annie Laurie" in 1927. Played Mrs. Rooney in "Naughty Nanette" in 1927. Played Woman in Audience in "The Matinee Idol" in 1928. Played Mary MacGregr in "The Old Code" in 1928. Played Scrubwoman in "Our Dancing Daughters" in 1928. Played Neighbor at Store in "Dynamite" in 1929. Played Grocery Shopper in "Sunnyside Up" in 1929. Played Nursemaid in "Madame X" in 1929. Played Reducing customer in "The Saturday Night Kid" in 1929. Played Mary, the Maid in "The Sky Hawk" in 1929. Performed in "The Duke of Dublin" in 1930. Played Mrs. McIntyre in "Let Us Be Gay" in 1930. Performed in "His Honor the Mayor" in 1930. Played Mrs. Mannix - Tenement Woman in "Our Blushing Brides" in 1930. Performed in "Dance with Me" in 1930. Played Cook in "Manslaughter" in 1930. Played Mrs.Potter, Cleaning Woman in "Framed" in 1930. Played Mrs. MacMasters in "The Black Camel" in 1931. Performed in "Models and Wives" in 1931. Played Townswoman in "A House Divided" in 1931. Played Nurse in "24 Hours" in 1931. Played Bit in "Unfaithful" in 1931. Played Dancer in "Delicious" in 1931. Played Inmate in "Ladies of the Big House" in 1931. Played Mrs. Delaney in "Subway Express" in 1931. Played Mrs. MacPherson, Moviegoer in "Always Goodbye" in 1931. Played Landlady in "Beauty Parlor" in 1932. Played Mrs. MacTavish in "Pack Up Your Troubles" in 1932. Played Hotel Resident in "Scandal for Sale" in 1932. Played Irish Neighbor in "The Impatient Maiden" in 1932. Played Neighbor in "The Expert" in 1932. Played Court Matron in "The Trial of Vivienne Ware" in 1932. Played Cook in "Almost Married" in 1932. Played Scrubwoman in "70,000 Witnesses" in 1932. Played 2nd Job Seeker in "The Big Timer" in 1932. Played Landlady in "Radio Patrol" in 1932. Played Washerwoman in "Wild Girl" in 1932. Played Lady in Tenement in "Call Her Savage" in 1932. Played Landlady in "Blonde Venus" in 1932. Played Cleaning Lady in "Dancers in the Dark" in 1932. Played Katie in "Texas Cyclone" in 1932. Played Woman at Ironing Board in "My Woman" in 1933. Played Mrs. MacGregor in "Pilgrimage" in 1933. Played Mrs. Clancy in "Nature in the Wrong" in 1933. Played Cleaning Woman in "Broadway Thru a Keyhole" in 1933. Played Cleaning Lady in "She Done Him Wrong" in 1933. Played Mrs. Curtis in "The Whirlwind" in 1933. Played Cook in "Brief Moment" in 1933. Played Theatre Chambermaid in "Design for Living" in 1933. Played Pacifist Audience Member in "Men Must Fight" in 1933. Played Screaming Woman in "The Invisible Man" in 1933. Played Lady at Party in "The World Changes" in 1933. Played Townswoman at Meeting in "Doctor Bull" in 1933. Played Scrubwoman in "The Kiss Before the Mirror" in 1933. Played Townswoman in "Laughter in Hell" in 1933. Played Washer Woman in "Meet the Baron" in 1933. Played Nurse in "The Power and the Glory" in 1933. Played Prisoner in Visiting Room in "Ladies They Talk About" in 1933. Played Mrs. Clancey in "Her Splendid Folly" in 1933. Played Landlady in "The Loudspeaker" in 1934. Played Marie in "I Give My Love" in 1934. Played Woman on a window in "Flirtation" in 1934. Played Assistant Wardrobe Woman in "Murder at the Vanities" in 1934. Played Washerwoman in "The Most Precious Thing in Life" in 1934. Played Cook in "One More River" in 1934. Played Woman on Phone in Montage in "Voice in the Night" in 1934. Played Newfoundlander in "Whom the Gods Destroy" in 1934. Played Mrs. Frank McCarrol in "The Man from Hell" in 1934. Played Community Woman in Cottage in "Our Daily Bread" in 1934. Played Scrub Woman in "The Defense Rests" in 1934. Played Woman in Street in "Change of Heart" in 1934. Played Crying Woman at Night Court in "The Woman Condemned" in 1934. Played Prison Visitor in "Charlie Chan in London" in 1934. Played Peddler in "Mutiny on the Bounty" in 1935. Played Mrs. Tolentino in "Metropolitan" in 1935. Played Mrs. Leathwaite in "Vanessa: Her Love Story" in 1935. Played Mrs. Monohan in "Ginger" in 1935. Played Myrtle - Cleaning Lady in "Vagabond Lady" in 1935. Played Mrs. Bickerdike in "Bonnie Scotland" in 1935. Played Ma MacClyde in "Share the Wealth" in 1936. Played Mrs. Ogilvie in "Great Guy" in 1936. Played Woman with Bag in "The Plot Thickens" in 1936. Played Apple Lady in "The Lady Consents" in 1936. Played Mrs. Cassidy in "Stage Struck" in 1936. Played Nursing Applicant in "The White Angel" in 1936. Played Nurse in "Mary of Scotland" in 1936. Played Mrs. McDougall in "Yellowstone" in 1936. Played Rose in "After the Thin Man" in 1936. Played Woman at Barricades in "The Plough and the Stars" in 1936. Played Housekeeper in "Friend Indeed" in 1937. Played Mrs. Healy in "That I May Live" in 1937. Played Bridget in "One Man Justice" in 1937. Played Irish Woman in "Racketeers in Exile" in 1937. Played Mrs. Nevins in "Married Before Breakfast" in 1937. Played Woman in "The Man in Blue" in 1937. Played Mrs. Jenks in "Her Husband Lies" in 1937. Played Cook in "A Damsel in Distress" in 1937. Played Mrs. Grimes in "Meet the Boy Friend" in 1937. Played Mrs. Callahan - Charwoman in "The Toast of New York" in 1937. Played Mrs. Keough in "Double Wedding" in 1937. Played Cook in "Way Out West" in 1937. Played Maggie, Irish Woman in "Thanks for Everything" in 1938. Played Mrs. MacDonald in "Kidnapped" in 1938. Played Maggie - the Charwoman in "Blond Cheat" in 1938. Played Maggie, the Cook in "Vacation from Love" in 1938. Played Mrs. Devlin in "City Streets" in 1938. Played Mrs. Patrick McGee in "Angels with Dirty Faces" in 1938. Played Scottish Mother in "Gateway" in 1938. Played Mrs. Twill in "Campus Confessions" in 1938. Played Mrs. Bailey in "Captain Fury" in 1939. Played Mrs. Hudson in "The Hound of the Baskervilles" in 1939. Played Mrs. Finnegan in "Off the Record" in 1939. Played Mrs. Hudson in "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" in 1939. Played Annie in "Broadway Serenade" in 1939. Played Ma Duffy in "She Married a Cop" in 1939. Played Mrs. Ogilvie in "Rulers of the Sea" in 1939. Played Mrs. Dudley in "The Marshal of Mesa City" in 1939. Played Mrs. Montabelli in "My Son Is Guilty" in 1939. Played Mrs. Lee in "Tail Spin" in 1939. Played Landlady in "The Jones Family in Hollywood" in 1939. Played Scrubwoman in "Day-Time Wife" in 1939. Played 1st Pencil Woman in "The Night of Nights" in 1939. Played Mrs. Bryant in "Tell No Tales" in 1939. Played Martha in "Parents on Trial" in 1939. Played Mrs. Flaherty in "Code of the Streets" in 1939. Played Woman in "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" in 1939. Played Juror in "Women Without Names" in 1940. Played Cookie, the Cook in "The Invisible Man Returns" in 1940. Played Old Woman in "Young People" in 1940. Played Mrs. Sullivan in "Tear Gas Squad" in 1940. Played Mrs. Hadley in "The Last Alarm" in 1940. Played Extra as Train Passenger in "Go West" in 1940. Played First Charwoman in "Kitty Foyle" in 1940. Played Gertrude, the Cook in "No, No, Nanette" in 1940. Played Mrs. Bates in "The Invisible Woman" in 1940. Played Ma Dalton in "When the Daltons Rode" in 1940. Played Mrs. Eileen Hanagan in "I Take This Oath" in 1940. Played Landlady in "Public Deb No. 1" in 1940. Played Mrs. Dunn in "The Man Who Talked Too Much" in 1940. Played Miss Brady in "Unfinished Business" in 1941. Played Martha in "Flight from Destiny" in 1941. Played Mrs. Murray in "Double Cross" in 1941. Played Martha in "Appointment for Love" in 1941. Played Mrs. McGonigle in "Riot Squad" in 1941. Played Gossiper in "How Green Was My Valley" in 1941. Played Mrs. Riley in "Borrowed Hero" in 1941. Played Broadway Carrie in "Dr. Broadway" in 1942. Played Ma Prescott in "Fly-By-Night" in 1942. Played Mrs. Collins in "It Happened in Flatbush" in 1942. Played Mrs. Lane in "The Boss of Big Town" in 1942. Played Mrs. Hudson in "Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror" in 1942. Played Mrs. McIntyre in "Half Way to Shanghai" in 1942. Played Mrs. Stewart in "Meet the Stewarts" in 1942. Played Mrs. Scott in "The Strange Case of Doctor Rx" in 1942. Played Mrs. Martha Hudson in "Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon" in 1942. Played Maid in "The Pride of the Yankees" in 1942. Played Mrs. Casey in "Gentleman Jim" in 1942. Played Mrs. Douglas in "Powder Town" in 1942. Played Ma Murphy in "Whispering Footsteps" in 1943. Played Mrs. Tinkle in "Two Tickets to London" in 1943. Played Maggie in "Smart Guy" in 1943. Played Mrs. Hudson in "Sherlock Holmes in Washington" in 1943. Played Woman in Air Raid Shelter in "Forever and a Day" in 1943. Played Mrs. Hudson in "Sherlock Holmes Faces Death" in 1943. Played Mrs. Kelly in "Here Comes Kelly" in 1943. Played Mattie in "Sarong Girl" in 1943. Played Mrs. Mary Kelly in "The Last Ride" in 1944. Played Annie in "The Hour Before the Dawn" in 1944. Played Mrs. McGinnis in "Million Dollar Kid" in 1944. Played Mrs. Hudson in "The Pearl of Death" in 1944. Played Mrs. Murphy in "Ever Since Venus" in 1944. Played Hostess in "Hollywood Canteen" in 1944. Played Mrs. Hudson in "The Spider Woman" in 1944. Played Mrs. McGinnis in "Follow the Leader" in 1944. Played Hotel Proprietress in "Music for Millions" in 1944. Played Mrs. Owen in "National Barn Dance" in 1944. Played Old Lady in "Ladies Courageous" in 1944. Played Libby the Housekeeper in "Secrets of Scotland Yard" in 1944. Played Jennie in "Hat Check Honey" in 1944. Played Mrs. MacGregor in "Bonnie Lassie" in 1944. Played Mrs. McKenzie in "Secret Command" in 1944. Played Ma Duffy in "The Racket Man" in 1944. Played Irish Woman in "Irish Eyes Are Smiling" in 1944. Played Mrs. Hudson in "The Woman in Green" in 1945. Played Mrs. Westrom in "Captain Eddie" in 1945. Played Old Lady in "Eadie Was a Lady" in 1945. Played Mrs. Curry in "Law of the Badlands" in 1945. Played Lady at Bus Stop in "Pride of the Marines" in 1945. Played Mrs. Mary McBride in "The Body Snatcher" in 1945. Played Nancy in "Kitty" in 1945. Played Ellen in "Divorce" in 1945. Played Mrs. Fillmore in "See My Lawyer" in 1945. Played Mrs. Hudson in "Dressed to Kill" in 1946. Played Mom Henderson in "Sing While You Dance" in 1946. Played Mrs. Mahoney in "The Dark Horse" in 1946. Played Trina in "The Hoodlum Saint" in 1946. Played Mrs. Cassidy in "In Fast Company" in 1946. Played Agnes in "Sentimental Journey" in 1946. Played Mrs. Gordon in "Sister Kenny" in 1946. Played Mrs. Conover in "Shadows Over Chinatown" in 1946. Played Miss Keets in "Exposed" in 1947. Played Mother Machree in "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" in 1947. Played Scrubwoman in "Roses Are Red" in 1947. Played Mrs. Bledsoe in "The Invisible Wall" in 1947. Played Old Lady in Crowd in "The Long Night" in 1947. Played Aunt Myrt Lacy in "Highway 13" in 1948. Played Mary - Cleaning Woman in "Big Town Scandal" in 1948. Played Passenger on Bus in "The Dark Past" in 1948. Played Mrs. Hogan (revised version) in "The Vicious Circle" in 1948. Played Scottish Woman in "Kidnapped" in 1948. Played Ma (barmaid) in "Fort Apache" in 1948. Played Nora, the housekeeper in "The Strange Mrs. Crane" in 1948. Played Mrs. Burnbrae in "Hills of Home" in 1948. Played Aunt Libby in "Haunted Trails" in 1949. Played Tenement Neighbor in "Challenge to Lassie" in 1949. Played Annie, the Scrub Woman in "The Judge Steps Out" in 1949. Played Grandma Rogan in "Shamrock Hill" in 1949. Played Mrs. Lance in "Deputy Marshal" in 1949. Played Slatternly Woman Tenant in "Mr. Soft Touch" in 1949. Played Old Woman in "Mighty Joe Young" in 1949. Played Housemother in "Tucson" in 1949. Played Nora Jones in "West of Wyoming" in 1950. Played Charwoman in "The File on Thelma Jordon" in 1950. Played Landlady in "Kelly Finds a Fighter" in 1953. Played Mrs. Dalton in "Gunfighters of the Old West" in 1992. Played Jane Banning in "Mummy Dearest: A Horror Tradition Unearthed" in 1999.

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