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Canberra was designed very precisely by Walter Burley Griffin, with much input from his wife.

The most obvious way in which the city is unusual is in the alignment of the streets. The streets of most cities follow a grid pattern. Canberra is unusual in that its major roads follow a wheel-and-spoke pattern.

The city's design is also heavily influenced by the four main mountains of Mt Ainslie, Red Hill, Black Mountain and, further in the distance, Bimberi Peak, the highest peak in the Australian Capital Territory. The main land axis aligns with these four peaks, and is crossed perpendicularly by a main water axis along the river and Lake Burley Griffin, which was artificially formed by damming the Molonglo River.

Aligned with the water axis is Canberra's main street, Constitution Avenue. The primary symmetrical axis of the city falls along Anzac Parade, which is aligned exactly between Mt Ainslie and Capital Hill, upon which Parliament House is located. The land and water axes meet at Capital Hill, which is the centre of what is called the Parliamentary Triangle, formed by Constitution, Kings and Commonwealth Avernues.

See Burley Griffin's accepted plan at the related link.
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Who desigined Canberra?

It was desidned by Walter Burley Griffin. He won the competition and therefore got to design Canberra


Who were the architects that were successful with Canberra's city design?

Walter Burley Griffin an American architect designed Canberra


What year did the competition to design Canberra finish?

1921


What is unusual about the lake that Canberra surrounds?

Lake Burley Griffin, around which Canberra is planned, is actually a man-made lake, created by damming the Molonglo River.


What role does Lake Burley Griffin play in the design of Canberra?

Hides the bodies.


Why is Canberra in circles?

Canberra was designed in this neat, circular pattern by Sir Walter Burley Griffin. He was a freemason, and the design takes on some of the distinctive freemason patterns.


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How was the design of Canberra chosen?

The plan for Canberra was chosen though a contest. In April 1911, the Australian Government held an international competition to produce a design for its new capital city. Walter Burley Griffin produced a design with impressive renderings of the plan produced by his wife, Marion Mahony Griffin. On 23 May 1912 Griffin's design was selected as the winner from among 137 entries, whereupon he and his wife moved to Australia, where Griffin was appointed as the Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction.


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