England
Yes - Scotland is still part of the UK - although they have their own parliament.
The Houses of Parliament
technically the Isle of Man is a Dependency of the British Crown and is not actually part of the United Kingdom. Therefore - like the Channel Islands - it is not part of the EU and is not a member of many international organisations. It also mints its own coins and issues its own stamps etc. The UK parliament can enforce laws in the Isle of Man, but only if the island is specifically mentioned in the act of parliament.
In the UK it is the House of Lords
There are two, England and Cornwall.
As Wales is part of the United Kingdom the ruler is Queen Elizabeth II. Although it has it's own devolved assembly it is administered primarily, by the UK parliament
There is no English representative body. England is a part of, but not the same as, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The representative - ie elected - part of the UK Government is The House of Commons a part of the UK parliament.
No. Britain is an island made of England, Scotland and Wales. The Isle of Man is a separated island, between Britain and Ireland. It is not part of the United Kingdom either. It is a Crown dependency.
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You do! If you are a citizen of the UK, and if you pay taxes, you are one of the owners of Big Ben. In fact, you own the whole clock tower and the Houses of Parliament too!
The UK didn't come into being until 1801 and the union with the Irish Parliament.
The UK parliament can do whatever it wishes. (in theory!)