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The devastation of Pompeii in 79 CE was primarily caused by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, a stratovolcano located near the city. The eruption released a deadly cloud of stones, ash, and fumes to a height of 33 kilometers (20.5 miles), burying Pompeii under a thick layer of volcanic material. This catastrophic event led to the destruction of the city and the preservation of its ruins, providing valuable insights into Roman life.

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