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In 1640, King Charles I of England faced significant turmoil due to his attempts to rule without Parliament and impose taxes without consent. His actions sparked widespread discontent, leading to the Short Parliament in April, which he abruptly dissolved when they refused to grant him funds. Later that year, the Long Parliament convened, leading to escalating tensions that ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642. Charles's authoritarian rule and failure to address grievances fueled conflicts between the monarchy and Parliament.

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