In the seventeenth century international trade was mostly based on trading luxury items between trading nations. Ivory, tobacco, indigo, furs and tortoiseshell are examples of the these luxury products.
China's isolation during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries led to a self-contained economy and limited technological advancement compared to Western nations. This isolation contributed to a lack of engagement with global trade networks, which hindered the exchange of ideas and innovations. As a result, China fell behind in industrialization, ultimately impacting its global influence and power in subsequent centuries.
The Dutch Republic and England in the first half of the century. In the second half, France became the dominant power on the Continent, together with England - then under Dutch king William III.
There was no official change in territory or policies.
The small island nations that make up Polynesia underwent radical change due to colonization in the 17th Century. Primarily, the English and Dutch established colonies in Polynesia during this period.
The imperialist nations have in common in the 19th century was that they were industrialized.
"To what extent should nations respond with diplomacy to the expansionist policies of other states?"
united nations
In the 21st Century, many European Western nations have seen economic slumps and increased trade with Eastern nations.
No interntional police agencies have been created in the 21st Century. The League of Nations and the United Nations were both created in the 20th century, following the two world wars.
no.
Foreign policy.