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The exchange of foods and animals from the Americas to and from the rest of the planet since the time of Columbus is a vital question to understanding American and world history. It is surprising that even a web page as prevelant as answers.com reports "no answer," to this fundemental question.

Europeans brought grapes, peaches and apples to eat, but none of these fruits would have been successful without bringing the European honey bee. The Spanish brought the stinging European honey bee in the 1500's to produce honey in the colonies. English brought an experimental boat after the pilgrims in the 1620's with silk worms including honey bees. Mayans had already been cultivating a stingless, native variety of bees especially along the yucatan, although these bees produced less quantity of honey, and this traditional practice is all but forgotten until very recently when Mexicans of Mayan descent started using the more aggressive European-African hybrid that migrated from Brazil after a crossbreeding experiment escaped years ago. This new hybrid can produce up to 120 gallons a year per colony, while native species' colonies produced only up to 4-5 gallons per year. It was not known to early colonists until the late 18th century the affect of bee pollenation on the local environment. As previously stated, European honey bees were brought for honey. As a result, apples and peaches became prosperous crops while certain native species were crowded out.

Horse Cattle and Pigs were domesticated livestock brought by Europeans to Americas that devistated unfenced Amerindian cornfields. Worse, the pigs grubbed out native plants that American Indians ate as alternative to corn when supplies were low.

Nightcrawlers, or large worms were brought by Europeans in the dropped Ballasts of ships carrying tobbacco back from Jamestown. Dirt used to balance ships at sea had to be dropped for heavy cargo, and with this English dirt came nightcrawlers that ate up the deciduous forest floors that were previously covered in leaves. These leaves gave nutrients to native underbrush American Indians used for foraging. Native peoples often cleared out forest floors with controled burning techniques and managed to spread berry bushes and trees they could cultivate for food, by which new foliage would mulch and provide nutrients. The introduction of nightcrawlers spreading up and down river banks could finish off these nutritious leaves in a few days.

Some seeds were brought by African Americans for food such as the watermelon, which along with the European honey bee began to spread naturally along the American landscape.

In return, Americas provided the world with potatoes, chocolate (cocoa), corn, green beans, squash, raspberries, blueberies, strawberries, pinapples, mangoes and vanilla. Coincidence or consequence, the world population began to grow like never before after the 1700's.

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