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Bulgaria has been a republic, in name if not in fact, since September 9, 1944, when the newly anti-Nazi monarchy under Tsar Simeon II was unseated with the help of the Soviet army occupying most of the country. (The child tsar later became Prime Minister of Bulgaria as Simeon Borisov, in 2001.)

Backed by a referendum in 1946, the country became the "People's Republic of Bulgaria" (under the auspices of the Warsaw Pact) which existed until 1989.

On January 15, 1990, the National Assembly (Veliko Narodno Sabranie) abolished the Communist monopoly on political power and in November 1990 officially changed the country's name to the Republic of Bulgaria (Republika Balgariya).

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