See your local police
No, it is not legal to purchase gun magazines without a license in California.
It depends on what you mean, but generally speaking, a felon can't get a gun license.
In California? Be well-connected.
No.
Depends on where the gun range is.
Yes. Otherwise, there could be no legal gun dealers, collectors, manufacturers or gunsmiths in California. Dealers, manufacturers, and gun smiths must- by FEDERAL law, hold a license issued by the BATFE.
To get a gun license you would need to go into a gun store in the town you live in and ask for the information you need.
The age you can get your drivers license in California is 16. You are however required to go through 6 hours of driving training to obtain your license.
Go to your local police station.
California does not require that you "go thru a dealer". However, IF you are buying a gun from outside the State of California, it must come to a dealer in California. That has been Federal law since 1968.
You need to define the term gun license. In most of the US there is no license to own a gun. Some states require a license to carry a gun. others to carry a gun concealed. There is also a license to make or sell guns. All are different and have different procedures.
It depends on several factors; Where you are located and exactly what you mean by "gun license." Do you mean a license to carry a gun? A license to purchase a gun? A license to build guns?