Hamas
There is no organization that fits all of these criteria. There is no Palestinian/Arab/Islamic militant organization that was founded in 1817. However, a militant organization created in 1987 that rivaled the Palestine Liberation Organization and strongly opposed the Oslo Accords was HAMAS.
Palestine Liberation Organization.
Palestine Liberation Organization.
Hamas
Yasser Arafat led the Palestinian Liberation Organization from 1969 until his death in 2006. However, there were a number of other Palestinian leaders in various different Palestinian militant and civilian organizations that did not necessarily report to Arafat, so he is not the leader of the entire Palestinian Liberation Movement.
Black Panthers
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) faced rivalry primarily from Hamas, an Islamist militant group that emerged in the late 1980s. While the PLO sought to achieve Palestinian statehood through political means, Hamas advocated for armed resistance and had a more religiously oriented agenda. This rivalry intensified, particularly after Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, leading to a violent split between the two factions, with Hamas governing Gaza and the PLO, primarily through Fatah, controlling the West Bank. Other groups, such as Islamic Jihad and various leftist factions, also posed challenges to the PLO's leadership and strategies.
From Wikipedia: The Black September Organization (BSO) was a Palestinian militant group, founded in 1970. It became notorious for the kidnap and murder of eleven Israeli athletes and officials, and the murder of a German policeman, during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.The founder of the organization is not clearly identified as it began as an offshoot of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). Pleas see the link below for more information.
The Congress of Racial Equality was a militant organization founded in 1942.
Fatah, founded in the late 1950s, originally operated as a militant organization seeking to liberate Palestine through armed struggle against Israel. Over time, particularly since the Oslo Accords in the 1990s, Fatah has shifted towards a more political and diplomatic approach, emphasizing negotiations and state-building. While it maintains a paramilitary wing, the focus of Fatah today is largely on governance and political representation within the Palestinian territories.
Militant Islamic Liberation Front
Black panthers