Athens
scientific attitude
PHYSICIST must be: 1. Open-minded 2. Curios ; and 3. Intelligent
Because
They were polar opposites, Athens being a scholarly, open empire, with Sparta being a military state that detested change. Sparta had a powerful army, Athens had a powerful navy. Both were also ambitious and wanted to expand their reaches of influence. They were bound to bump heads a few times.
There was not rivalry. Sparta, although militarily powerful, was usually reluctant to go to war. Athens, overconfident with the power it gained from its empire, was aggressive and interfered in the affairs of other cities. Sparta appealed to Sparta to back off when it tried to bankrupt Megara, a member of the Peloponnesian League, A rampant Athens persisted and war ensued.
recognize the errors in our own ideas
Athens offered a more diverse culture with a focus on arts, education, and democracy, while Sparta was more militaristic and regimented. Athens had a more open and inclusive society, while Sparta's strict social structure and focus on warfare may have limited personal freedoms for its citizens. Overall, the emphasis on intellectual and cultural pursuits in Athens could be seen as more appealing than the militaristic focus of Sparta.
Allies Sparta and Athens had a falling out when the Spartan helots revolted and the forces Athens sent to help Sparta began to side with the revolutionaries, and Sparta sent them home. Athens turned the Delian league it had led against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own, and began to interfere in the cities of the Peloponnesian league led by Athens resulting in open war.
The attitude of resistance to change and inflexibility likely led to these difficulties. Embracing a more open-minded and adaptable mindset could help in overcoming the challenges.
The women of Sparta had rights, participating in sports and open lifestyle, compared with Athenian women who were kept in purdah in the home rearing children and working in the house and garden.
It depends how you define open minded. He was pretty open minded sending his rivals to the paredon to face the rifle squad. He was open minded to have no free press. He was very open minded about power.
We generally think of closed-minded as the opposite (the antonym) for open-minded.