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It was 1285, not '84, and it was the Normans. They had been fighting a vicious and devastating war against the forces of Llewelyn the Great, who is the only Welsh king to have succesfully united his entire country.

He was killed in action in 1285, after which his army was routed and soon afterwards, the Normans embarked upon a massive castle-building programme across the nation to stamp their military might upon the country and try to subdue the Welsh permanently.

However, this was only partially succesful- large swathes of the nation remained under the control of regional warlords or the remnants of the Welsh royal family, and in many quarters, it was dangerous even for full battalions of Norman troops to venture far from their castles or garrisons.

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