Who is an older race Palestine or Israel?

Answer 1

The word "race" is wrong here. There are only a few races in the world: White, Black, Olive, Indian, American Indian, East Asian, and Southeast Asian, and Pacific Islander. A better word here is "ethnicity".

Concerning Israel: There is also no "Israel" ethnicity. The dominant ethnicity of Israel is Jewish. The Jews have been in existence for at the minimum 2500 years, as verified by historians. According to their traditions they have been in existence for 3800 years.

Concerning Palestine: The Palestinian identity has really only existed since the 1950s and 1960s. It previously refered to any inhabitant of Mandatory Palestine, regardless of whether they were Jewish, Muslim, Christian, or Druze and regardless of whether they were Zionist, Zionist-affiliates, or opposed to Zionism. (For example, the right-wing Israeli newspaper "The Jerusalem Post" used to be called "The Palestinian Post", even though it was run entirely by Jews.) The Palestinian identity applies to those people who historically identified as Levantine Arabs. The Levantine Arabs are an amalgam of different Levantine peoples who began to acquire a new homogenous Arab identity in the days of the Islamic Caliphates. The Levantine Arab identity coalesced roughly 800-900 years ago. Prior to that there were numerous different ethnicities such as Aramean, Phoenician, Canaanite, Samaritan, Moabite, Ammonite, etc. whose descendants were subsumed into the Levantine Arab identity. Since they were disunited, it would be unfair to consider them one ethnicitiy.

Jews (as a unified idenity) have existed for at least three times as long as Levantine Arabs (as a unified identity).