First wave: Zerubavel
Second wave: Ezra
Zerubbabel led the first group of Jews from the Babylonian captivity back to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple. This was in the first year of King Cyrus of Persia (as described in book of Ezra) which was 538 BC.
It was the invasion by the Persian ruler Cyrus who defeated the Babylonians, and set the Jews free.
It means that the Jews left EgyptThat means that "Israel" is God's chosen, and Egypt is the place where God led his people from. So God's children was led out of the place of bondage.
They were lead by Ezra back to their homeland from Babylon.
This depends on the prophet, since the prophets lived at different times over the course of several centuries and their prophecies reflected the changing conditions and what God expected of them (the people) in the different times. For example, Jeremiah tells the people to settle down in Babylon and seek its peace, since the time had not yet come to do otherwise. Later, Ezra and Nehemiah encouraged the people to return to the land and personally led thousands of Jews from Babylonia back to the Holy Land.
Judaism is the faith of the Jews. Followers of the God Jehovah, Yahweh. The Jews consider the father of their faith to be Moses, who led the Jews from a captivity in Egypt about 4500 years ago, to their "Promised Land" in what is to day called Israel.
A lot of things indirectly led to the establishment of the State of Israel. Probably the most commonly referenced is the Holocaust, because the Holocaust made clear the extent of animosity held against the Jews and their need for an independent nation to defend their interests.
A surge in immigration of Soviet Jews to Israel began in the late 1980s, particularly after the policy of glasnost was implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986. This policy led to increased emigration opportunities for Jews facing persecution and discrimination in the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 further accelerated this migration, resulting in a significant influx of Jewish immigrants to Israel.
Titus led the attack on Israel that eventually destroyed Jerusalem and caused the Jews to be sent into exile for 1,878 years.
Israel is the Jewish homeland. Jews were expelled from their homeland in 70 CE by the Romans, and have been treated very badly in many different countries for nearly 2000 years. Jewish prayers and hearts have yearned to return to Israel for millenia. Israel represents a haven for Jews to escape persecution and mistreatment.
After Judah became part of the Babylonian Empire, it faced significant upheaval, culminating in the destruction of Jerusalem and the First Temple in 586 BCE. The Babylonian conquest led to the exile of many Judeans to Babylon, where they lived in captivity for several decades. This period of exile profoundly impacted Judean culture and religion, leading to significant developments in Jewish identity and theology. Eventually, the Persian Empire conquered Babylon, allowing many exiled Jews to return to Judah and rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple.
Zionism was (and is) the movement to establish and preserve a Jewish homeland, so it was the movement to create Israel.It is the ideology that Jewish people should have their own state. The Land of Israel was promised to the Jewish people by God, according to the Bible. Jews lived in the Land of Israel from the time of Joshua until the Roman destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Almost all Jews were exiled to other countries, known to Jews as the Diaspora. For centuries, Jews prayed for a return to Zion. In the nineteenth century, the Zionist movement, led by Theodor Herzl and Chaim Weizmann, encouraged Jews to turn the dream into reality, and lobbied the international community to understand that a "Jewish national home" was the only solution to anti-Semitism and the "Jewish problem."In 1947, the dream was realized when the UN voted to partition Palestine between the Jews and the Arabs. The Arabs immediately attacked the Jews and in the middle of the war, on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. Today, about half of the world's Jewry lives in Israel. Most Jews living in and out of Israel are supporters of Israel and the Zionist ideology, although a small percent believe only divine intervention should bring about a Jewish state.