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There is nothing that lives permanently on the Antarctic continent itself by way of animal life. There are no land animals that are mammals, nor any reptiles or amphibians native to Antarctica. The continent is too cold to support animal life.

However, whales, seals, birds, fish, squid, salps (tunicates), penguins and shrimp live in the waters around Antarctica. Birds can be found at the edges of continent for the duration of the breeding season, on the ice and in the rocks. These include penguins, skuas, petrels and more.

Because baby birds are a food source, some seals also gather on ice floes near the coastline during their breeding season.

There are some species of Spiders, mites, beetles, flies, mollusks and earthworms, but most of these are restricted to Sub-Antarctic islands north of the continent.

Plant life on and around Antarctica is restricted to bryophytes (mosses and liverworts),200 species of lichen, over 600 species of algae (most of which are phytoplankton), seaweed, pearl-wort and hair grass.

There are also no human populations native to the Antarctic continent. While scientists visit for varying periods of time, and tourists also make short forays to Antarctica, the Antarctic Treaty precludes any country from making permanent claim to the continent.

In the past, life on Antarctica was more diverse. Fossil research indicates that trees similar to those now found in tropical areas once lived in Antarctica. What is interesting is that fossil leaves of these trees indicate they were deciduous, yet the wood fossils themselves indicate they were evergreen. There is also evidence of long-necked sauropod dinosaurs, as well as many other organisms.

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9y ago

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