They were all controlled by the peninsulares who were back in Spain. And they were all born in the Americas.
peninsulares creates mestizos indians
criollos are people that their mothers are born in Spain but,they were born in the new world.
The social class system in Spanish America was based on a hierarchy that included peninsulares (those born in Spain), criollos (those of Spanish descent born in the Americas), mestizos (those of mixed indigenous and European ancestry), indigenous peoples, and enslaved Africans. Peninsulares held the highest social status, followed by criollos, while mestizos, indigenous peoples, and enslaved Africans occupied lower positions in society.
Most Powerful to Least Powerful Peninsulares: Spaniards by blood who were born in Spain Creoles/Criollos: Spaniards by blood who were born in Latin America Mestizos: Latin Americas who had Spanish blood and Native American blood Indígenas: Native Americans by blood Slaves: Africans who were enslaved in Latin America
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, the social stratification was heavily influenced by the Spanish caste system. The new social hierarchy consisted of the peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain), criollos (Spaniards born in the Philippines), mestizos (mixed-race individuals), and indios (native Filipinos). This system favored the peninsulares and criollos, leading to limited opportunities for the mestizos and indios to advance socially and economically.
Independence from Spain, in the case of Central America, was primarily a reshuffling of power between Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) and Criollos (Spaniards born in Latin America). Since most of the population were in lower classes, like Mestizos, Amerindians, Free Blacks, Biracial Persons, and Slaves, the only thing that really changed for them was the set of men at the top of the hierarchy, nothing more.
Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo started the revolt that eventually became the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, on the early hours of September 16, 1810. To mobilize the population, which included Indigenous people, mestizos and criollos, he used the only thing the three ethnic groups had in common: religion. Therefore, he used a banner with Our Lady of Guadalupe, the Patron Saint of Mexico to rally his troops.
Mexico was a colony of Spain, dominated by 'peninsulares' or people born in Spain. Below them were the rest of the castes, including criollos or creole people (descendants of Spaniards, born in Mexico). Mexico was almost-self administered, but a strong resentment among criollos led to the independence movement during the early 19th century.
They competed for special administration positions in the Americas, which caused friction between the groups and made them see themselves as having separate identities. Usually, peninsulares were given these opportunities and criollos were effectively banned from government. This led to resentment among the criollos who eventually led the movements for independence from Spain because of this political exclusion.
Mestizos
Los criollos Los novohispanos (people who lived in New Spain)
All of them conformed the society of present-day Latin America during colonial times.Peninsulares were people born in Spain, and held the highest positions in government and industry.Creoles (Spanish: criollos) were people of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas.Mestizos were the people born out of mixed marriages between Spanish settlers and Native Americans. During colonial times they were a minority, but after the Independence Wars, they became the most prominent ethnic group.