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Palestine comes from the Latin name of the region Palestina (the Roman Name for the Province) which in turn comes from Hebrew P'lishtim (Philistines).

Israel comes from Hebrew Yisra'el which loosely translates as "he that striveth with G-d" and is a name for Jews in general (although originally an alternative name for the biblical figure Jacob/Ya'aqobh).

Palestinian Arabs will call Israel Palestine and Jews and Zionists will call Israel Israel.

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