Palestine comes from the Latin name of the region Palestina (the Roman Name for the Province) which in turn comes from Hebrew P'lishtim (Philistines).
Israel comes from Hebrew Yisra'el which loosely translates as "he that striveth with G-d" and is a name for Jews in general (although originally an alternative name for the biblical figure Jacob/Ya'aqobh).
Palestinian Arabs will call Israel Palestine and Jews and Zionists will call Israel Israel.
Answer 1There is no Israel its Palestine.Answer 2It depends on the Muslim. Most Arab-Israelis are Muslim and call the State of Israel as "Israel", even if they object to the policies of that state (like Hanin Zoabi). Additionally, most Muslim intellectuals in Western countries or liberal leanings call the area Israel. Most Muslims outside of Israel call the land "Palestine" and call the government "the Zionist Entity" or the "Jewish State".
The modern country of Israel was formed in 1948 within the borders of what had been the historic region of Palestine. The term had existed for two thousand years, ever since the Romans named it Syria-Palaestina as punishment for the Jewish Revolts.
The Jewish people used to be called Israel, until the political state was established. You can call them the chosen people, or simply 'Jews', in the same way that you would call Mormons 'Mormons'.
Specifically, it began in Jerusalem, Israel. Generally speaking 'Palestine' is between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River - as a crossroad between religion, culture, commerce and politics.
Palestine
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 was a plan approved by the United Nations on November 29, 1947 to terminate the British Mandate of Palestine by August 1, 1948 and recommend the creation of two states, one Jewish and one Arab, in Palestine. The plan was approved by the United Nations General Assembly by 33 votes to 13, with 10 abstentions.
Palestine
For most of the Twentieth Century (since 1948), the Jewish areas were called Israel and The Muslim areas were called "the Occupied Territories" or the "Palestinian Territories. The original plan was for the Palestinian territories to be called "Palestine" and be set up as in independent country, but the Palestinians rejected this plan. Prior to 1948, the entire area was called Palestine, though it was never under Palestinian rule. In 1948, the Palestinians almost had the chance for self-determination for the first time ever.
Answer 1The PLO wanted to take (not back) Israel and impose a non-democratic rule.The Jewish state, as defined by the Paris agreement which concluded with the league of nations and the Mandate to Britain to "establish a Jewish state" would be nullified, and in the PLO's base articles, Jews do not have the right to own property.In actual fact, most of those that call themselves Palestinian are from Syria and Egypt, where their ancestors were brought to the Land of Israel in the 19th Century to populate the land.The founder of the PLO, was born in Egypt.Answer 2Palestine is the area between Lebanon and Egypt. It, before occupation, belonged to the Muslims and Christian Arabs of Palestine. It was then devoured by the British army after the Paris agreement. Jewish settlers have been in Palestine, now known as Israel, and Palestine and its allies have launched minor attacks on Israel. In conclusion, the PLO attempted to regain Palestine from the Zionists.
Wait a second. Help me out here, and please take it slowly, because sometimes I get confused . . . If Palestine was declared a nation for Jews, and the Jewish nation has been a UN member for 62 years, then exactly what country are Erakat and Abbas and Ashrawhi trying so hard to get admitted to the UN now ?
The Jewish people call it as a shofar.
They first called it Canaan, then the Land of Israel, then Israel & Judea, then it was united back to Israel, then The Romans renamed it Palestine, then the Modern Jews named it the State of Israel.