This could be described as a sexist tradition, based upon the belief that men are more important than women. In the present world, women do not HAVE to change their last names when they marry, and many prefer not to do so.
husbands' ex: All of the women have their husbands' money.
In many societies it is a long-standing tradition, but in some countries it is acceptable for the couple to hyphenate (or otherwise combine) the two family names. In others, women can keep their maiden name.
They don't, but is a common tradition to take their husband's name. They can choose to keep their maiden name.
their husbands, their husbands could do anthing to them basically and if they were not to obey they would be beaten.
No.
It is a kind of respect but only of the learned and worthy husbands.
Possibly many did when husbands were away for years at a time.
She is polyandrous.
Cheat on their husbands, we hope.
Everything
Gender Bias and Tradition. It hasn't been very long since all women in most cultures were considered property with no status or rights. Their only purpose was to do the work required by the men in their family and bear children for their husbands: men chosen for them by the senior male of her family; whom she had never met; and she became his property instead of her father's, or brother's, or uncle's, or son's, etc. This also meant the women had only their personal names, and were referred to as someone's wife, or daughter, or sister, and so on.