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From the second half of the Fifth Century BCE it was a direct democracy - that is all legislation had to be passed by the popular assembly and all male citizens were entitled to attend and vote (as opposed to representative democracy where electors elect representatives to a legislature). In addition almost all public offices were filled by lot - that is they were selected from amongst all citizens by a lot machine, ie randomly. So (with exception of generals for obvious reasons) any citizen could occupy the highest offices. In the courts, there were no individual judges - the judges were large juries (typically 500, but up to 2,000) who decided the cases. They also were empannelled by lot.

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