Yes, green card holders need a transit visa for the UK if they are not citizens of a country that is exempt from the UK transit visa requirement.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Chile.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Thailand.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Italy.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Japan.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to the UK.
No, it is not mandatory for green card holders to posses a machine readable passport (as the green card is machine readable).
No - a Green card means your a permanent legal resident. ESTA is only used for Visa holders and waivers
You do not need a transit visa but a passport is required to re-enter the USA
Yes Gambians need a Schengen visa to transit Germany
yes
No, you do not need a green card to drive in France.
1) A green card does not mean anything outside the USA. It is your nationality (citizenship) that determines if you need a visa. 2) The UK is not part of the Schengen Area. A Schengen visa is never valid for the UK. You need to ask the UK embassy in the USA (or look on their website) to find out if someone of your nationality requires a transit visa for the UK.