CORRECTION BY: MESINSCHILAWOFFICES
Not technically, but it is no longer wise to do so without one or, at least, a Green Card (if you are an LPR).
A Non-US Citizen who is legally in the United States (either as a visitor, LPR (Legal Permanent Resident) or holder of some other valid visa) can travel freely from State-to-State without a passport.
HOWEVER, it is always wise to have it with you as some States who are seeing a rise in anti-immigrant sentiment (most notably Arizona, Iowa and, as of January 2011, Maine) either require or authorize authorities to inquire as to Immigration status. So if you are pulled-over or otherwise detained by authorities you may be required to produce this documentation.
If your Passport is expired but your US Visa is still valid (most commonly in cases of LPRs where the 10-year Green Card Expiry exceeds the validity of their national passport) you would be wise to renew your passport but, at least, ensure your Green Card is with you.
No, you cannot travel within the US with an expired passport.
No, you cannot travel within the US with an expired passport.
None needed for travel within US
No, it is not possible to travel within the US with an expired passport.
No passport is needed to travel within the United States. This is a nation of states that are the same country.
Yes, but you will need some government issued photo id (Driver's license, etc).
No you do not need a passport to travel from the us to puerto rico. you do need a visa.
When traveling from Puerto Rico to Florida, no passport is needed. Puerto Rico is part of the US, as is Florida. Traveling from Puerto Rico to Florida is travel within the United States. Citizens do not need a passport to travel within the US, although they do need some form of government-issued photo identification to get on a commercial airplane and a passport will serve that function. Non-citizens who are in Puerto Rico have already entered the US using a passport (or similar document for Canadians) and so need only the identification they would need to travel within the US, for example, from Miami to Atlanta, to travel to Florida or other locations in the US.
None needed to travel within the US.
Yes, you do not need a passport to travel to the US Virgin Islands if you are a US citizen.
Yes, you need a valid passport to travel from the US to the Cayman Islands.
No, domestic travels inside the US do not require you to show a valid passport. Any piece of photo ID is accepted. Updating with more current information. Yes you now need a Canadian passport to travel to the US.